Drugs for the Skin Flashcards
- Which term does NOT describe a part of the integumentary system?
Hair
Nails
Glands
Fascia
Fascia
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands embedded in it.
- Which statement does NOT describe a function of skin?
Waterproof covering for the entire body
Protection for internal organs
Barrier to microorganisms
Trigger for hormonal secretions during stress
Trigger for hormonal secretions during stress
The skin functions as a waterproof covering for the entire body. It protects the internal organs and acts as a barrier to microorganisms.
- Which sign/symptom occurs when body temperature elevates and causes the blood vessels of the dermis to dilate?
secretion of sebum.
perspiration.
pallor.
excitation of the arrector pili muscles.
perspiration.
The skin senses changes in the environment and helps regulate body temperature. When the body temperature goes up, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate, causing perspiration.
- Which term describes the outermost layer of skin?
Dermis
Epidermis
Hypodermis
Peridermis
Epidermis
The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis.
- Which term describes a hard protein contained in the cells of the epidermis, nails, and hair that is both waterproof and a barrier to pathogens and chemicals?
Collagen
Keratin
Melanin
Sebum
Keratin
Keratin is a hard protein contained in the cells of the epidermis, nails, and hair that is both waterproof and a barrier to pathogens and chemicals.
- Collagen, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and connective tissue make up the
dermis.
epidermis.
peridermis.
subcutaneous layer.
dermis.
The dermis is made up of collagen, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and connective tissue.
- Hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, and sense receptors are contained in the:
dermis.
epidermis.
peridermis.
subcutaneous layer.
dermis.
The dermis contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, and sense receptors.
- Which part of the skin supplies support, insulation, nutrition, and cushioning or padding?
Dermis
Epidermis
Peridermis
Subcutaneous layer
Subcutaneous layer
The subcutaneous layer provides support, insulation, nutrition, and cushioning or padding.
- Which term describes a protective response of body tissues to irritation and injury—a process that results in swelling, redness, pain, and heat?
Allergy
Infection
Inflammation
Erythema
Inflammation
Inflammation is a protective response of body tissues to irritation and injury—a process that results in swelling, redness, pain, and heat.
- Which term describes a condition caused by the release of histamine from the skin cells during allergic reactions?
Urticaria
Pruritus
Edema
Erythema
Pruritus
Pruritus is caused by the release of histamine from the skin cells during allergic reactions.
- Which term is another name for pruritus?
Hives
Redness
Swelling
Itching
Itching
Itching is the definition of pruritus.
- Which term describes reddening of the skin caused by an expansion of the capillaries close to the skin surface?
Pruritus
Edema
Erythema
Urticaria
Erythema
Erythema is reddening of the skin caused by dilation of superficial capillaries.
- Which term describes swelling caused by a buildup of fluid in the tissues?
Pruritus
Edema
Erythema
Urticaria
Edema
Edema is defined as swelling caused by a buildup of fluid in the tissues.
- Which term describes a circumscribed area of pathological tissue?
Scaling
Urticaria
Lesion
Eruption
Lesion
A lesion is a circumscribed area of pathological tissue.
- Which term describes open lesions that are the result of tissue damage that starts below the skin and then erupts onto the skin surface?
Eruptions
Ulcerations
Erosions
Fissures
Ulcerations
Ulcerations are open lesions that are the result of tissue damage that starts below the skin and then erupts onto the skin surface.
- Which is another term for urticaria?
Wheal
Itching
Hives
Redness
Hives
Urticaria is another term for hives.
- Fatigue, emotions, and sensitivity to some substances in the environment can result in:
wheals.
itching.
hives.
redness.
hives.
Hives are caused by sensitivity to some substances in the environment, or by various factors such as fatigue and emotions.
- Which condition can be caused by poison ivy, cosmetics, and soaps?
Psoriasis
Contact dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Eczema (dermatitis)
Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is an inflammation resulting from direct contact with a substance to which the skin is sensitive such as poison ivy, cosmetics, and soaps.
- Which type of medication may be given orally to patients with eczema who have developed sensitivity to topical preparations?
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
antihistamines.
antibiotics.
vasoconstrictors.
antihistamines.
Oral antihistamines may be given to eczema patients who develop sensitivity to topical preparations to suppress inflammation.
- Which skin condition is characterized by red, raised lesions covered with dry, silvery scales?
Eczema
Dandruff
Psoriasis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a condition identified by red, raised lesions covered with dry, silvery scales.
- Which condition does NOT result from extended exposure to the sun?
Premature aging of the skin
Predisposition to cancer
Sunburn
Dermatitis
Dermatitis
Dermatitis does not result from extended exposure to the sun. Premature aging of the skin, predisposition to cancer, and sunburn do result from extended exposure to the sun.
- Which term is NOT used to describe impaired skin integrity caused by prolonged pressure that damages skin and underlying tissue?
Bedsore
Pressure ulcer
Decubitus ulcer
Dermal ulcer
Dermal ulcer
Bedsore, pressure ulcer, and decubitus ulcer are all terms that describe an impaired skin integrity caused by prolonged pressure that damages skin integrity.
- Which treatment is best cure for pressure ulcers?
Antibiotics
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Prevention
Protectants
Prevention
Prevention is the best cure for pressure ulcers.
- Which conditions are examples of bacterial infections?
Chickenpox and measles
Impetigo and boils
Urticaria and macules
Scabies and pediculosis
Impetigo and boils
Impetigo and boils are examples of bacterial infections.
- Which is a parasitic infestation caused by the itch mite?
Scabies
Pediculosis
Impetigo
Psoriasis
Scabies
Scabies is a parasitic infestation caused by the itch mite.
- Which term describes an infestation by lice?
Scabies
Pediculosis
Impetigo
Psoriasis
Pediculosis
Pediculosis is caused by an infestation of lice.
- Which term describes drugs that soften and destroy the outer layer of skin so that it is sloughed off (shed)?
Astringents
Antipruritics
Keratolytics
Antiseptics
Keratolytics
Keratolytic drugs soften and destroy the outer layer of skin so that it is sloughed off.
- Which classification of drugs can be used to effectively remove warts and corns?
Antipruritics
Antiseptics
Keratolytics
Miticides
Keratolytics
Keratolytics are effective for removing warts and corns.
- Which medication works by covering, cooling, drying, or soothing inflamed skin?
Antipruritics
Topical anesthetics
Protectives and astringents
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Protectives and astringents
Protectives and astringents work by covering, cooling, drying, or soothing inflamed skin.
- Which type of medications relieves itching caused by inflammation?
Antipruritics
Antiseptics
Keratolytics
Miticides
Antipruritics
Antipruritics relieve itching caused by inflammation.
- Which action is NOT caused by corticosteroids?
Antipruritic
Astringent
Anti-inflammatory
Vasoconstrictive
Astringent
The corticosteroids have three types of action: antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, and vasoconstrictive. They relieve the symptoms of skin disorders.
- Which type of topical medications inhibits the growth of microorganisms on skin surfaces?
Antipruritics
Keratolytics
Anesthetics
Antiseptics
Antiseptics
Antiseptics inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin surfaces. Examples include alcohol and povidone-iodine.
- Which type of bactericidal drugs is used only on nonliving objects such as surgical instruments?
Antiseptics
Astringents
Disinfectants
Keratolytics
Disinfectants
Disinfectants are bactericidal drugs used only on nonliving objects such as surgical instruments.
- Which topical medication relieves pain and itching by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes?
Antipruritics
Keratolytics
Anesthetics
Antiseptics
Anesthetics
Anesthetics are topical medications that relieve pain and itching by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes.
- Which topical medications kill insect parasites that infest the skin?
Keratolytics
Astringents
Miticides
Protectives
Miticides
Miticides are topical medications that kill insect parasites that infect the skin.
- When applying a transdermal patch, always remove the old patch before applying a new one to:
ensure a continuous delivery of medication.
prevent skin irritation from the adhesive.
prevent a possible overdose.
maintain therapeutic levels of medication in the bloodstream.
prevent a possible overdose.
To prevent a possible overdose with a transdermal patch, always remove the old patch before applying a new one.
- Desitin, Vasoline, and zinc oxide are all protectives used to treat:
minor burns.
minor wounds.
diaper rash.
insect bites.
diaper rash
Diaper rash can be treated with Desitin, Vasoline, and zinc oxide. They are all protectives.
- Betadine, Neosporin, Neo-Polycin, and Mycitracin are antiseptics/antimicrobials that can be used to treat:
minor burns.
minor wounds.
diaper rash.
insect bites.
minor wounds.
Antiseptics/antimicrobials such as Betadine, Neosporin, Neo-Polycin, and Mycitracin are used to treat minor wounds.
- Which is a type of dressing that seals in drugs, body heat, and moisture?
Inclusive
Occlusive
Transdermal
Penetrating
Occlusive
An occlusive dressing is a dressing that seals in drugs, body heat, and moisture.
- Applying wet dressings, using a fat-soluble drug, and rubbing the preparation into the skin are all methods used to increase the ___________________ of drugs in deeper skin layers.
therapeutic levels
distribution
absorption
metabolism
absorption
To increase absorption into the underlying skin layers, apply wet dressings, use a fat-soluble drug, or rub the preparation into the skin.
- Which statement describes why people who have skin conditions need psychological support?
Living with constant pain or itching is stressful.
People may become depressed about their condition. Acne may affect body image.
All answers are correct.
All answers are correct.
People with skin disorders may need psychological support. The constant pain or itching may be stressful and lead to depression. If an individual has acne, his or her body image can be affected as well.
- If a skin condition is painful, which of the following drugs may be ordered by the doctor prior to administration of a topical medication?
Astringent
Corticosteroid
Antipruritic
Analgesic
Analgesic
An analgesic may be ordered if a skin condition is painful.
- Which technique should be used to apply lotions?
Rub in by hand.
Pat with a piece of cotton.
Apply with a wooden tongue blade.
Pour onto the affected area.
Pat with a piece of cotton.
The appropriate technique to apply a lotion is to pat with a piece of cotton.
- Which term describes a discoloration, or bruising, of the skin caused by leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissue?
Erythema
Edema
Ecchymosis
Petechiae
Ecchymosis
Ecchymosis is a discoloration, or bruising, of the skin caused by leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissue.
- Exposure to the sun and alcohol consumption must be avoided by patients who are prescribed which medication?
Accutane
Nitro-Dur
DuoDERM Hydroactive
Salicylic acid
Accutane
It is your legal responsibility to tell your patients who are receiving Accutane to avoid the sun because of photosensitivity and to avoid drinking alcohol because the alcohol potentiates the serum triglyceride level.
- Which personal protective gear (or equipment) should be worn by a health care worker when applying drug patches to the skin?
Gloves
Goggles
Gown
Face shield
Gloves
Wear disposable gloves or cover the old patch with a tissue when applying a drug patch to the skin to prevent any of the remaining medication on the patch from absorbing into your skin
- Wounds, hemorrhoids, and sunburns may be treated with which medication?
Topical anesthetics
Antiseptics
Antipruritics
Antihistamines
Topical anesthetics
For pain on skin surfaces or in mucous membranes, such as wounds, hemorrhoids, and sunburns, the physician may order a topical anesthetic. These relieve pain and itching by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes.
- Which class of drugs should be used only topically, never orally?
Antiseptics
Antipruritics
Analgesics
Antibiotics
Antiseptics
Antiseptics should be used only topically, never orally. They inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
- Which type of burn is caused by contact with a caustic agent such as acid?
Thermal
Chemical
Electrical
Inhalation
Chemical
Contact with a caustic agent such as an acid causes a chemical burn.
- Which sign/symptom occurs with partial-thickness burns?
Blanches (whitens) on pressure
Has mild swelling
Blisters
Has white, leathery-appearing skin
Blisters
Partial-thickness burns involve the dermis and epidermis. They are red, fluid-filled blisters causing pain as a result of nerve involvement.
- Which sign/symptom is made up of dead white blood cells and debris?
Pus
Crusts
Scales
Blisters
Pus
Bacterial skin infections usually exhibit pus, a thick, yellowish fluid made of dead white blood cells and debris.
- Healthcare workers should be strong advocates of safe sun practices by instructing patients that repeated and prolonged sun exposure is a precursor to the formation of _____________.
skin cancer
Explanation: Skin cancer may be caused by repeated and prolonged sun exposure.
- It is a health care worker’s legal responsibility to tell patients who are using Accutane to avoid the __________ because of photosensitivity and to avoid drinking _____________ because it potentiates the serum triglyceride level.
sun; alcohol
Explanation: It is a health care worker’s legal responsibility to tell patients who are using Accutane to avoid the sun because of photosensitivity and to avoid drinking alcohol because it potentiates the serum triglyceride level.
- To apply a(n) _____________ correctly, rub it in gently.
cream
Explanation: Apply medication using the correct procedure. Creams should be rubbed in gently.
- To apply a lotion correctly, _________ it on skin.
pat
Explanation: The correct procedure to apply a lotion on the skin is to pat it on.
- To apply a liniment correctly, _____________ it in vigorously.
rub
Explanation: Vigorously rub in a liniment to correctly apply it.
- To apply ointments correctly, apply them with a wooden ___________ or a cotton-tipped applicator.
blade
Explanation: Apply ointments using a wooden blade.
- The skin forms a waterproof protective covering for the entire body and acts as a barrier to ________________.
microorganisms
Explanation: The function of the skin is to provide a waterproof protective covering for the entire body and act as a barrier to microorganisms.
- The skin also senses temperature changes in the environment and helps regulate body temperature. When body temperature goes up, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate, causing _____________________.
perspiration
Explanation: Other functions of the skin are to sense temperature changes in the environment and help regulate temperature. When body temperature goes up, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate, causing perspiration.
- The skin is also important to body image; for example, conditions such as acne can have a negative impact on an adolescent’s ________________.
self-esteem
Explanation: Skin diseases such as acne can have a negative impact on an adolescent’s self-esteem.
- The outermost avascular layer of the skin is the _________________.
epidermis
Explanation: The epidermis is the outermost avascular layer of the skin.
- Melanocytes in the epidermis contain melanin that gives a person’s skin its characteristic ________________.
color
Explanation: A person’s skin color is given by the melanin because of the melanocytes in the epidermis.
- The hard protein in the cells of the epidermis, nails, and hair that is both waterproof and a barrier to pathogens and chemicals is _____________.
keratin
Explanation: Keratin is a hard protein in the cells of the epidermis, nails, and hair that is both waterproof and a barrier to pathogens and chemicals.
- Collagen, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and connective tissue make up the _____________.
dermis
Explanation: The dermis is made up of collagen, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and connective tissue.
- Body temperature is regulated with the help of the __________ glands in the dermis.
sudoriferous; sweat
Explanation: The dermis contains sweat glands that help regulate body temperature.
- A structure that picks up sensations of hot, cold, touch, pain, or pressure in the skin is a(n) ____________________.
sense receptor
Explanation: A sense receptor is a structure that picks up sensations of hot, cold, touch, pain, or pressure in the skin.
- Support, insulation, nutrition, and cushioning or padding are provided by the _______________ layer of the skin.
subcutaneous
Explanation: The subcutaneous layer of the skin provides support, insulation, nutrition, and cushioning or padding.
- The skin is a mirror of human _______________, which reveal themselves through blushing, paleness, and rashes.
emotions
Explanation: The skin is mirror of human emotions, which reveal themselves through blushing, paleness, and rashes.
- The protective response of body tissues to irritation and injury that results in swelling, redness, heat, and pain is called ___________________.
inflammation
Explanation: Inflammation is a protective response of body tissues to irritation and injury that results in swelling, redness, heat, and pain.
- ______________ is caused by the release of histamine from the skin cells during an allergic reaction.
Pruritus
Explanation: Pruritus is caused by the release of histamine from the skin cells during an allergic reaction.
- Another term for pruritus is _____________.
itching
Explanation: Pruritus is defined as itching.
- _____________ is caused by an expansion of the capillaries close to the skin surface and presents as reddening of the skin.
Erythema
Explanation: Erythema is caused by an expansion of the capillaries close to the skin surface and presents as reddening of the skin.
- _______________ is caused by a buildup of fluid in the tissues.
Edema
Explanation: Edema, or swelling, is caused by a buildup of fluid in the tissues.
- An excess of keratin in the epidermis is termed ___________________.
scaling
Explanation: Scaling is an excess of keratin in the epidermis.
- Circumscribed areas of pathological tissue such as macules, nodules, and pustules are termed ________________.
lesions
Explanation: Macules, nodules, and pustules are circumscribed areas of pathological tissue called lesions.
- Open lesions that result from tissue damage that starts below the skin and then erupts onto the skin surface are termed ____________________.
ulcerations
Explanation: Ulcerations are open lesions that result from tissue damage that starts below the skin and then erupts onto the skin surface.
- ___________ are raised, irregularly shaped skin eruptions that have red margins and pale centers. They are caused by sensitivity to some substances in the environment, or other factors such as fatigue and emotion.
Hives
Explanation: Raised, irregularly shaped skin eruptions that have red margins and pale centers are called hives. They are caused by sensitivity to some substances in the environment, or other factors such as fatigue and emotion.
- A reaction to a substance that has come in contact with the skin, such as poison ivy, is termed ____________ dermatitis.
contact
Explanation: Contact dermatitis is a reaction to a substance that has touched the skin, such as poison ivy.
- A chronic dermatitis identified by its red, raised lesions covered with dry silvery scales is called ______________.
psoriasis
Explanation: Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by itching, red macules, papules, or plaques covered with silvery scales.
- When the open pores of the skin become plugged with sebum and dead cells, the result is _________________.
acne
Explanation: Acne is an inflammatory condition of sebaceous glands when the open pores of the skin become plugged with sebum and dead cells.
- The _______________________ is used to calculate the percentage of body surface affected by burns in the adult, child, and infant.
Rule of Nines
Explanation: The Rule of Nines is used to calculate the percentage of body surface affected by burns in the adult, child, and infant.
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies sun products according to their sun protection factor (SPF). The general recommendation is a minimum of SPF _________.
15
Explanation: The FDA classifies sun products according to their sun protection factor (SPF). The general recommendation is a minimum of SPF 15.
- Patients who lie in bed or sit in a chair for long periods without moving are at risk for ______________________.
pressure ulcers
Explanation: A pressure ulcer is also called bedsore, pressure sore, or decubitus ulcer. It occurs from prolonged lying in bed or sitting in a chair for a long time without moving.
- The best cure for pressure ulcers is ________________.
prevention
Explanation: The best cure for pressure ulcers is prevention.
- A parasitic infestation caused by the itch mite is termed ________________.
scabies
Explanation: Scabies is a parasitic infestation caused by the itch mite.
- An infestation caused by lice is termed ____________.
pediculosis
Explanation: Pediculosis in an infestation by lice.
- Warts and corns are treated with strong _____________________.
keratolytics
Explanation: Warts and corns are treated with strong keratolytics.
- Itching can be relieved by the application of a topical _____________.
antipruritic
Explanation: A topical antipruritic is a drug that relieves itching.
- A classification of drug for the skin that has three types of action: antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, and vasoconstrictive, is termed ________________________.
corticosteroids
Explanation: Corticosteroids are drugs used on the skin because they suppress inflammation, tighten blood vessels, and relieve itching.
- Agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms, such as alcohol and povidone-iodine, are termed __________________.
antiseptics
Explanation: An antiseptic, such as alcohol and povidone-iodine, is an agent that inhibits the growth of microorganisms.
- Bactericidal drugs used only on nonliving objects such as surgical tools are called ____________________.
disinfectants
Explanation: Disinfectants are bactericidal drugs that are used only on nonliving objects such as surgical tools.
- For pain on skin surfaces or in mucous membranes, such as wounds, or sunburns, the physician may order a topical ________________.
anesthetic
Explanation: A topical anesthetic is given for pain on skin surfaces or in mucous membranes, such as wounds or sunburns.
- Drugs that kill insect parasites that infest the skin are termed _______________.
miticides
Explanation: Miticides are drugs that kill parasites on the skin.
100.When applying a new transdermal patch, remove the old patch first. Leaving more than one drug patch on a patient can cause a possible ______________.
overdose
Explanation: When applying a new transdermal patch, remove the old patch first. Leaving more than one drug patch on a patient can cause a possible overdose.
101.When replacing a transdermal patch, wear disposable gloves, or cover the old patch with a tissue to prevent any of the remaining medication on the patch from absorbing into your ____________.
skin
Explanation: The healthcare personnel replacing a transdermal patch should wear disposable gloves, or cover the old patch with a tissue to prevent any of the remaining medication on the patch from absorbing into his or her skin.
102.The term _______________ means to soften a solid, such as the skin, by moistening, causing increased absorption through the skin.
macerate
Explanation: To macerate means to soften a solid, such as the skin, by moistening, causing increased absorption through the skin.
103.A(n) _____________ dressing does not permit air to enter the dressing and can increase the absorption of a medication into deeper skin layers.
occlusive
Explanation: An occlusive dressing does not permit air to enter the dressing and can increase the absorption of a medication into deeper skin layers.
104.Living with constant itching or pain is stressful, and patients may lose sleep because they are uncomfortable. Because of these and other factors, people with skin conditions may need _____________________ support.
psychological
Explanation: Psychological support may be needed when an individual lives with the stress of constant itching or pain. He or she may lose sleep and be very uncomfortable.
105.If a skin condition is painful, the doctor may order a(n) __________________ prior to administration of a topical medication.
analgesic
Explanation: An analgesic may be ordered prior to a tropical medication if a skin condition is painful.
106.Never apply topical corticosteroids to mucous membranes because it invites the risk of _________________ the patient.
overmedicating
Explanation: Never apply topical corticosteroids to mucous membranes because of the risk of overmedicating the patient. Unlike the skin, mucous membranes do not have a tough layer of dead cells to protect the underlying tissues, and drug absorption through the mucous membranes is rapid.
107.When applying ___________________ to the skin, use a wooden blade or cotton swab.
ointment
Explanation: Use a wooden blade or cotton swab when applying an ointment to the skin.
108.It is best to apply topical medication approximately _______________________ minutes after a dose of analgesic.
30
Explanation: If a skin condition is painful, the doctor may order an analgesic drug prior to administration of a topical medication. It is best to apply topical medications approximately 30 minutes after a dose of an analgesic, especially with burn patients.
109.When cleaning a wound, clean from the ______________ contaminated to the ____________ contaminated area.
least; most
Explanation: If ordered, cleanse the wound with the prescribed antiseptic solution or normal saline. Use a separate swab for each cleansing stroke. Clean from the least contaminated to the most contaminated area.
110.When opening a medication container, place the cap ___________________ on the medicine tray.
upside down
Explanation: When opening the medication container, place the cap upside down on the medicine tray. Use a sterile tongue blade or cotton swab to dip out a quantity of medication from the container.
111.The instruction “Apply as needed” is given only for drugs that carry no danger of ______________.
overdose
Explanation: The instruction “Apply as needed” is given only for drugs that carry no danger of overdose. Reapply the medication whenever symptoms flare up, or when the thin film of drug has worn off or has been absorbed into the skin.
112.Because they have thinner layers of skin, ___________________ of drugs is greater in younger and older adults.
absorption
Explanation: Younger and older adults have thinner layers of skin and therefore drugs have a greater absorption rate.
