Drugs for the Endocrine System Flashcards
- The main regulators of metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, homeostasis, energy production, and immunity are:
minerals.
vitamins.
hormones.
nutrients.
hormones.
The main regulators of metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, homeostasis, energy production, and immunity are hormones
- Which of the following is the gland at the base of the brain, known as the master gland?
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pituitary
Thymus
Pituitary
The gland at the base of the brain is known as the pituitary or master gland.
- Which of the following terms is used to describe a condition that results from the overproduction of growth hormone in an adult?
Acromegaly
Gigantism
Hypergenesis
Osteopathy
Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a condition that results from the overproduction of growth hormone in an adult.
- Which of the following glands is (are) NOT controlled by the pituitary?
Sex glands
Parathyroid glands
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Parathyroid glands
The pituitary hormones control the secretions of the sex glands, the thyroid gland, and the adrenal glands.
- Which of the following glands is wrapped around the trachea, just below the larynx?
Adrenal
Thymus
Pineal
Thyroid
Thyroid
The thyroid gland is wrapped around the trachea, just below the larynx.
- Which of the following is the major function of the thyroid gland?
Control metabolism
Regulate blood calcium levels
Secrete epinephrine in response to an emergency Store excess sugar in the liver
Control metabolism
The major function of the thyroid gland is to control metabolism.
- Which of the following symptoms is NOT caused by hyperthyroidism?
Feeling of warmth
Tachycardia
Fatigue
Increase in respiration
Fatigue
When the thyroid produces extra thyroxine and triiodothyronine (hyperthyroidism), the metabolic rate is increased and there is an increase in temperature, respiration, heart rate, nervous and muscular activity, and a feeling of warmth.
- An intolerance to cold, personality changes, fatigue, dry skin, brittle nails, slow speech, and weight gain may be symptoms of:
diabetes mellitus.
hypothyroidism.
Cushing’s syndrome.
Addison’s disease.
hypothyroidism.
Signs of hypothyroidism include intolerance to cold, personality changes, fatigue, dry skin, brittle nails, slow speech, and weight gain.
- Which of the following is necessary for adequate production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine?
Calcium
Iodine
Sodium
Iron
Iodine
Iodine is necessary for adequate production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by the thyroid.
- The availability of iodized _________________ helps people consume enough iodine to fulfill the needs of the thyroid.
table salt
bananas
supplements
poultry
table salt
The availability of iodized table salt helps people take in enough iodine to fulfill the needs of the thyroid.
- Which of the following is the main function of the parathyroid hormone?
Control metabolism
Regulate blood calcium levels
Secrete epinephrine in response to an emergency Store excess sugar in the liver
Regulate blood calcium levels
The main function of the parathyroid hormone is to regulate blood calcium levels.
- Which of the following may occur if too much parathyroid hormone is manufactured?
Osteoporosis
Bones that are soft and easy to bend
Muscle spasms
Cretinism
Bones that are soft and easy to bend
When too much parathyroid hormone is manufactured, bones become soft and easy to bend.
- What is the condition that occurs when too little parathyroid hormone is produced?
Cretinism
Tetany
Myxedema
Restless leg syndrome
Tetany
Tetany is the condition that occurs when too little parathyroid hormone is produced and refers to muscle spasms that are caused by lack of calcium in the bloodstream.
- Which of the following describes the location of the adrenal glands?
Wrapped around the trachea
In the mediastinum
On top of the kidneys
In the epigastric region
On top of the kidneys
The adrenal glands sit on top of the two kidneys.
- Which of the following terms is used to describe the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that have anti-inflammatory action and suppress the immune reaction?
Glucocorticoids Corticosteroids Mineralocorticoids Epinephrine .
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that have an anti-inflammatory action and suppress the immune reaction
- Which of the following terms is used to describe hormones that regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats and have an anti-inflammatory effect?
Glucocorticoids
Corticosteroids
Mineralocorticoids
Epinephrine
Glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoids are adrenal hormones that regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats and have an antiinflammatory effect.
- Which of the following terms is used to describe hormones that maintain normal blood volume and promote sodium and water retention and urinary excretion of potassium?
Glucocorticoids
Corticosteroids
Mineralocorticoids
Epinephrine
Mineralocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids are hormones that maintain normal blood volume and promote sodium and water retention and urinary
- Which of the following hormones help(s) the body handle stressful situations?
Glucocorticoids
Corticosteroids
Mineralocorticoids
Epinephrine
Epinephrine
Epinephrine and norepinephrine help the body handle stressful situations.
- Epinephrine created in the body is known as:
somatotropin.
adrenaline.
glycogen.
dopamine.
adrenaline.
Epinephrine created in the body is known as adrenaline.
- Which of the following hormones controls the cell’s use of sugar?
Glycogen
Insulin
Glucagon
Adrenaline
Insulin
Insulin is the hormone that controls the cell’s use of sugar.
- Which of the following terms is used to describe a common pancreatic disorder, characterized by an inability to use carbohydrates secondary to ineffective or no insulin production?
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Gestational diabetes
Cushing’s syndrome
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a common pancreatic disorder and is characterized by no insulin production or ineffective insulin production, resulting in an ability to use carbohydrates.
- Which of the following is administered in emergencies when diabetic patients have received too much insulin?
Glucagon
Insulin
Glycogen
Adrenaline
Glucagon
Glucagon counteracts the effects of insulin.
- Which structure controls basic body functions such as sleep, appetite, and body temperature?
Thyroid
Thymus
Hypothalamus
Pineal
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus controls basic body functions such as sleep, appetite, and body temperature.
- Which of the following does NOT describe how endocrine disorders arise?
Gland overproduces its hormones.
Gland underproduces its hormones.
Gland produces hormones too early.
Target cells are overresponsive to the effects of hormones.
Target cells are overresponsive to the effects of hormones.
Endocrine disorders arise because a gland overproduces, underproduces, or produces its hormones too early or too late.
- Which of the following terms is used to describe a gland that is overdeveloped?
Cytomegaly
Hypercytosis
Hyperplasia
Adenoma
Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia refers to a gland that is overdeveloped.
- Which of the following is usually used to treat genetically caused hormonal problems?
Radioactive “cocktail”
Surgery
Replacement hormones
Radiation
Replacement hormones
Genetically caused problems can usually be treated with replacement hormones.
- Which of the following is the most common use of hormones in drug therapy?
Palliative
Replacement therapy
Health maintenance
Curative
Replacement therapy
Hormone replacement therapy is the most common use of hormones in drug therapy.
- Which of the following is the source of most hormones used in drug therapy?
Animals
Humans
Synthetic
Microorganisms
Animals
Most hormones used for drug therapy are taken from animals. Examples of the animals used are hogs, cattle, sheep, and horses.
- Which of the following is NOT a symptom of diabetes?
Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polycythemia
Polycythemia
The three classic symptoms of diabetes are hunger or polyphagia, thirst or polydipsia, and frequent urination or polyuria.
- Which of the following terms describes the onset of glucose tolerance during pregnancy?
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Gestational diabetes
Gravid diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is the onset of glucose intolerance during pregnancy.
- Patients with diabetes are encouraged to eat small meals throughout the day rather than a few large meals. The purpose is to avoid large fluctuations in the amount of __________ in the blood.
proteins
sugar
vitamins
insulin
sugar
Patients with diabetes are encouraged to eat small meals throughout the day rather than a few larger meals. The purpose is to avoid large fluctuations in the amount of sugar in the blood.
- Which of the following statements describes why insulin must be injected?
Insulin is destroyed by gastric secretions.
Oral delivery results in a longer time for the peak effect to occur than does injection.
Continuous delivery by the transdermal route dose not conform to fluctuations in blood sugar levels.
Buccal administration is too fast to coincide with peak action.
Insulin is destroyed by gastric secretions.
Insulin must be injected because it is destroyed by the gastric secretions if taken orally.
- Which of the following does NOT affect a diabetic person’s need for insulin?
Emotions
Diet
Exercise
Weight
Weight
A diabetic person’s need for insulin varies according to diet, amount of exercise, and emotions.
- Which of the following terms is used to describe too little insulin in the bloodstream?
Hypoglycogenolysis
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycogenolysis
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia describes too little insulin in the bloodstream. This condition is called diabetes mellitus and is serious and can be fatal if not caught early and corrected.
- Which of the following terms describes large amounts of sugar in the urine?
Glycosuria
Glycemia
Glycogenosis
Glycogenesis
Glycosuria
Glycosuria describes a large amount of sugar or glucose in the urine.
- Which of the following would be administered to a person in a diabetic coma?
Insulin
Glucagon
Sugar
Bicarbonate of soda
Insulin
Insulin may be administered to a person in a diabetic coma. Diabetic coma refers to unconsciousness caused by too little insulin.
- Which of the following terms is used to describe too much insulin in the blood?
Hyperinosemia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglobulinemia
Hypoglycemia
Too little insulin in the blood is called hypoglycemia.
- Which of the following would be administered to a patient experiencing hypoglycemia?
Insulin
Glycogen
Sugar
Bicarbonate of soda
Sugar
Administering sugar is the treatment of choice for hypoglycemia.