Drugs for the Cardiovascular System Flashcards
- Which drugs may be prescribed to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) and hypertension?
Antihypertensives
Cardiac glycosides
Diuretics
Antilipemics
Diuretics
A diuretic is used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) and hypertension because of the edema. It reduces the fluid volume in the body by stimulating urine flow.
- Which medications may be prescribed to treat high cholesterol?
Diuretics
Antihypertensives
Antilipemics
Cardiac glycosides
Antilipemics
An antilipemic is a drug used to treat high cholesterol. It lowers the lipids in the blood.
- Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) is classified as an:
antiplatelet.
antilipemic.
anticoagulant.
antihypertensive.
anticoagulant.
Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant. It treats thrombus, embolism, phlebitis, and coronary occlusion by preventing or slowing the formation of blood clots. It also prevents enlargement of existing clots.
- Before administering digoxin, the healthcare worker must check the apical pulse. Digoxin should not be given if the pulse is below:
40 bpm.
50 bpm.
60 bpm.
70 bpm.
60 bpm.
The apical pulse must be checked before giving digoxin. It must be over 60 bpm. If it is not, contact the nurse.
- Which of the following is the average adult blood pressure?
110/80
120/80
130/80
140/80
120/80
The average adult blood pressure is 120/80.
- Which of the following is the average adult pulse?
60-80 bpm
70-90 bpm
60-100 bpm
80-120 bpm
60-100 bpm
The average adult pulse is between 60 and 100 bpm.
- Which statement is correct?
Arterial blood is bright red, highly oxygenated, and travels from the heart to the capillaries.
Venous blood is bright red, highly oxygenated, and travels from the heart to the capillaries.
Arterial blood is dark red, low in oxygen, and travels from the capillaries to the heart.
Venous blood is bright red, low in oxygen, and travels from the capillaries to the heart.
Arterial blood is bright red, highly oxygenated, and travels from the heart to the capillaries.
Arterial blood is bright red, highly oxygenated, and travels from the heart to the capillaries.
- Which is an effect that aging has on the heart? Select all that apply.
The heart becomes larger because it loses its elasticity.
The heart has a deeper color because there is more oxygen in the heart tissue.
The heart valves thin out and become less rigid.
The aorta and arteries are more elastic.
The heart becomes larger because it loses its elasticity.
The heart becomes larger as a person ages because it loses its elasticity. It has a deeper color because there is less oxygen in the heart tissue.
- Labored or difficult breathing that occurs because of fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues and lungs is termed:
pneumonia.
dyspnea.
bradycardia.
edema.
dyspnea.
Dyspnea means labored or difficult breathing. It occurs because of the fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues and lungs.
- Chest pain is also referred to as:
dyspnea.
cardialgia.
angina pectoris.
cardiac arrest.
angina pectoris.
The medical term for chest pain is angina pectoris.
- Irregular heartbeats or palpitations that may indicate heart problems are termed:
tachycardia.
bradycardia.
dysrhythmias.
heart blocks.
dysrhythmias.
Irregular heartbeats or palpitations are termed dysrhythmias.
- A sudden cessation of breathing and of sufficient circulation of blood by the heart is termed:
shock.
congestive heart failure.
cardiac arrest.
sudden cardiac death.
cardiac arrest.
A cessation of breathing and of sufficient circulation of blood by the heart is a cardiac arrest.
- A patient whose ventricles of the heart are not able to contract and pump properly, and who exhibits signs of fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, chest pain, and edema, may have:
a dysrhythmia.
congestive heart failure (CHF).
atherosclerosis.
orthostatic hypotension.
congestive heart failure (CHF).
A patient whose symptoms are fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, chest pain, and edema may have congestive heart failure (CHF). This occurs because there is an inability of the heart to pump adequately to meet the needs of the body’s metabolic needs.
- Which is the goal of cholesterol management?
High levels of HDL cholesterol, high levels of LDL cholesterol.
Low levels of HDL cholesterol, low levels of LDL cholesterol.
Low levels of LDL cholesterol, high levels of HDL cholesterol
High levels of HDL cholesterol, low levels of LDL cholesterol.
Low levels of LDL cholesterol, high levels of HDL cholesterol
The goal of cholesterol management is low levels of LDL cholesterol and high levels of HDL cholesterol.
- Aspirin, thrombolytics or clot busters, anticoagulants, analgesics, nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and antilipemics may be used to treat:
atherosclerosis.
angina pectoris.
thrombophlebitis.
myocardial infarction.
myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction may be treated with aspirin, thrombolytics or clot busters, anticoagulants, analgesics, nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and antilipemics.
- Pooling of blood in the veins that is associated with immobility, obesity, pregnancy, CHF, and steroid therapy can lead to:
thrombophlebitis.
shock.
ventricular fibrillation.
hypertension.
thrombophlebitis.
Thrombophlebitis is a pooling of blood in the veins associated with immobility, obesity, pregnancy, CHF, and steroid therapy.
- Which is the most common arterial disorder that is characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls?
Atherosclerosis
Thrombophlebitis
Arteriosclerosis
Embolus
Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis is the most common arterial disorder that is characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls.
- Because _________________ is called the “silent killer” and may exist without symptoms for a long time, it is important to teach patients about the risk factors.
arteriosclerosis
hypertension
shock
atherosclerosis
hypertension
Because hypertension is called the “silent killer” and may go without symptoms for a long time, teach the patient about the risk factors.
- Which terms describe a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, the quality of hemoglobin, and the volume of hematocrit?
Thrombus
Cyanosis
Anemia
Leukemia
Anemia
Anemia is the result of decreased erythrocytes, the quality of hemoglobin, and volume of hematocrit.
- Which categories of drugs work to raise blood pressure by causing the blood vessels to contract?
Vasodilators
Antihypertensives
Cardiac glycosides
Vasoconstrictors
Vasoconstrictors
Vasoconstrictors raise the blood pressure by causing the blood vessels to contract.
- Vasodilators relax or dilate the walls of the arteries and are used to control angina pectoris. The most common vasodilator is:
digoxin.
iron.
nitroglycerin.
aspirin.
.
nitroglycerin.
Vasodiators relax or dilate the walls of the arteries and are used to control angina pectoris. The most common one is nitroglycerin
- Which term is used to describe a sudden, lowered blood pressure when the patient stands up quickly?
Positional hypotension
Reflexive hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
Secondary hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
A sudden lowering of the blood pressure when the patient stands up quickly is called orthostatic hypotension.
- Which must be checked on a daily basis to monitor a patient on digitalis?
Pulse
Blood pressure
Weight
Electrolytes
Pulse
Take the apical pulse before giving digitalis.
- Many over-the-counter (OTC) drugs such as aspirin, oral contraceptives, and antacids can affect the action of:
antilipemics.
antihypertensives.
anticoagulants.
antiarrhythmics.
anticoagulants.
Anticoagulants’ actions may be affected by OTC drugs such as aspirin, oral contraceptives, and antacids.
- Which are effective for the treatment of a myocardial infarction if given within six hours of the onset of chest pain?
Thrombolytics
Anticoagulants
Calcium channel blockers
Nitrates
Thrombolytics
Thrombolytics are effective for the treatment of myocardial infarction if given within six hours of the onset of chest pain.
- A patient with anemia may be prescribed which medication for this condition?
Feosol (ferrous sulfate)
Plavix (clopidogrel)
Lanoxin (digoxin)
Coumadin (warfarin)
Feosol (ferrous sulfate)
Ferrous sulfate (Feosol) may be prescribed for patients with anemia.
- Which medication helps prevent or reduce the formation of a thrombus?
Coumadin (warfarin)
Lasix (furosemide)
Lipitor(atorvastatin)
Norvasc (amlodipine)
Coumadin (warfarin)
Coumadin may be given to prevent the formation of a thrombus.
- Aspirin and Plavix are both medications that may be prescribed for which condition?
Hypertension
Myocardial infarction
Anemia
Congestive heart failure
Myocardial infarction
Aspirin and Plavix (clopidogrel) may be prescribed for myocardial infarction.
- Patients should expect their stools to look dark and tarry if they were prescribed which medication?
Lipitor (atorvastatin)
Feosol (ferrous sulfate)
Norvasc (amlodipine)
Lanoxin (digoxin)
Feosol (ferrous sulfate)
Black, tarry stools is a harmless side effect of taking Feosol.
- The heart, the blood vessels, and the blood make up the ___________________ system.
cardiovascular
Explanation: The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- Arteries carry blood __________ from the heart, while veins carry blood __________ the heart.
away; toward
Explanation: Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood toward the heart.
- The arterioles and venules are connected by thin-walled vessels called ____________.
capillaries
Explanation: The arterioles and venules are connected by thin-walled vessels called capillaries.
- The capillaries serve the important function of carrying ___________ and other nutrients to the tissues and taking away the ___________ products.
oxygen; waste
Explanation: The functions of the capillaries are to carry oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues and take away the waste products.
- The point of maximum impulse (PMI) is an important landmark when taking the _________ pulse before administering cardiac drugs.
apical
Explanation: The point of maximum impulse (PMI) is an important landmark when taking the apical pulse before administering cardiac drugs.
- The middle, muscular layer, and most important structure of the heart, is the _______________.
myocardium
Explanation: The middle, muscular layer, and the most important structure of the heart, is the myocardium.
- Cardiac glycosides such as digoxin increase cardiac output by affecting the force of myocardial ____________________.
contractions
Explanation: Certain cardiac drugs affect the force of myocardial contractions. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that increases cardiac output.
- The myocardium and heart are supplied with blood from the ______________ arteries.
coronary
Explanation: The myocardium and heart are supplied with blood from the coronary arteries.
- Antianginal drugs such as nitroglycerin or calcium channel blockers produce coronary dilation and increase the _________ to the heart, relieving chest pain.
oxygen
Explanation: Antianginal drugs such as nitroglycerin or calcium channel blockers produce coronary dilation and increase the oxygen to the heart, relieving chest pain.
- The electrical signals of the heart can be picked up by a machine and recorded on a chart called a(n) ______________________.
electrocardiogram
Explanation: An electrocardiogram is a graphic record showing the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart.
- The force of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels is termed __________________.
blood pressure
Explanation:
Blood pressure is the force of the blood against vessel walls.
- A diagnosis of _____________________ is made after two blood pressure readings greater than 140/90 mm Hg on separate occasions.
hypertension
Explanation: When a patient’s systolic blood pressure readings are above 140/90 mm Hg on two separate occasions, he or she is diagnosed with hypertension.
- The average adult pulse is between ________ and __________ beats per minute.
60; 100
Explanation: The average adult pulse is between 60 and 100 bpm.
- The fluid part of blood is called ________________.
plasma
Explanation: Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and lymph.
- Red blood cells carry _________________ in the body.
oxygen
Explanation: Red blood cells carry oxygen
- The platelets are critical in ______________.
clotting
Explanation: Platelets are critical in clotting.
- ________________ is labored or difficult breathing that occurs because of fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues and lungs. The patient becomes short of breath, with rapid and shallow respirations.
Dyspnea
Explanation: Dyspnea is labored or difficult breathing. It occurs because of fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues and lungs which causes shortness of breath with rapid and shallow respirations.
- Angina pectoris is _____________ pain resulting from lack of oxygen to the heart tissue.
chest
Explanation: The medical term for chest pain is angina pectoris. It is a symptom of heart disease.
- The abnormal accumulation of fluid, or edema, in the legs and lungs is a common sign of ________________________.
congestive heart failure; CHF
Explanation: Edema or fluid in the legs and lungs is a common symptom of congestive heart failure (CHF).
- Dysrhythmias are any deviations from the normal ______________ of the heartbeat.
rhythm
Explanation: The medical term for irregular heartbeats or palpitations is dysrhythmias. They are deviations from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat.
- A very rapid heartbeat, a pulse above 100 beats per minute, is called ________________.
tachycardia
Explanation: The medical term for rapid heartbeat of more than 100 beats per minute is called tachycardia.
- A very slow heartbeat, or pulse below 60 beats per minute, is known as ____________________.
bradycardia
Explanation: Bradycardia is a very slow heartbeat of less than 60 bpm.
- A patient who presents with hemoptysis is coughing up ______________.
blood
Explanation: Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood.
- When oxygen content in the blood is low, the skin may turn bluish, a condition called ___________________.
cyanosis
Explanation: When the oxygen content in the blood is low, the skin may turn a bluish color. The medical term for this is cyanosis.
- A patient who experiences a sudden stopping of the heart and circulation is said to be in _____________________.
cardiac arrest
Explanation: A patient who has a sudden stopping of the heart and circulation is said to be having a cardiac arrest.
- Digoxin, diuretics, and vasodilators are the usual therapy for _______________________.
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Explanation: Digoxin, diuretics, and vasodilators are used to treat CHF.
- _____________________ is an accumulation of cholesterol and lipids on the walls of the arteries.
Atherosclerosis
Explanation: The accumulation of cholesterol and lipids on the walls of the arteries is called atherosclerosis.
- To prevent hypercholesterolemia and a potential heart attack, the goal is to have low levels of _____________ cholesterol and high levels of ____________ cholesterol.
LDL, HDL
Explanation: Low levels of LDL cholesterol and high levels of HDL cholesterol help prevent hypercholesterolemia and a potential heart attack.
- Patients should be encouraged to lose weight, exercise, and stop smoking in order to lower their blood levels of _____________________.
cholesterol
Explanation: High cholesterol levels are the result of modified or nonmodifiable risk factors. The modifiable risk factors are those the patient can change such as inactivity, obesity, and smoking.
- A total cholesterol level of below ______________ mg/dL is recommended to prevent heart disease.
200
Explanation: A total cholesterol level of below 200 mg/dL is recommended to prevent heart failure.
- Nitroglycerin may be given to relieve angina pectoris, but if three tablets have been taken over 15 minutes and there is no relief of the angina, the patient should seek immediate ______________________.
medical attention
Explanation:
Nitroglycerin is used to relieve angina pectoris. The patient may take three tablets over 15 minutes and if there is no relief of the angina, the patient should seek medical attention.
- Myocardial infarction or _____________________ is an injury to the heart muscle caused by a decreased blood supply.
heart attack
Explanation: A “heart attack” or myocardial infarction is death of a part of the heart muscle due to a decreased blood supply.
- Myocardial infarction is generally caused by a decreased blood supply from a blood clot blocking the flow of blood through a(n) _________________.
coronary artery
Explanation: Myocardial infarction is generally caused by a decreased blood supply from a blood clot blocking the flow of blood through a coronary artery.
- The chest compressions and breaths used to reestablish circulation and breathing in the event of a cardiac emergency are termed ______________________________.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Explanation: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) consists of chest compressions and breaths to reestablish circulation and breathing.
- When the heart is in ventricular fibrillation, ____________________________ is needed to shock the heart back into normal rhythm.
automatic external defibrillation; AED
Explanation: When the heart is in ventricular fibrillation, automatic external defibrillation (AED) is needed to shock the heart back into normal rhythm.
- A patient with thrombophlebitis may be prescribed __________________ therapy to dissolve the clot and relieve inflammation.
anticoagulant
Explanation: Anticoagulants may be prescribed for a patient with a thrombophlebitis to dissolve the clot and relieve inflammation.
- A common arterial disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of the arterial wall is ______________________.
arteriosclerosis
Explanation: Arteriosclerosis is a thickening of the walls of the arterioles, with a loss of elasticity and ability to contract.
- Because hypertension may go without symptoms for a long time, it has been called the ______________________.
“silent killer”
Explanation: Hypertension is called the “silent killer” because it may go without symptoms for a long time.
- A decrease in the number of erythrocytes, the quality of hemoglobin, and the volume of hematocrit can cause ___________________.
anemia
Explanation: The medical term for any condition in which there is a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, the quality of hemoglobin, and the volume of hematocrit is anemia.
- Iron supplements, an iron-rich diet, vitamin B12, and folic acid can be used to treat _______________.
anemia
Explanation: The treatment of anemia may include iron supplements, an iron-rich diet, vitamin B12, and folic acid.
- A general term used to describe a group of malignant disorders that affect the blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph system is _________________.
leukemia
Explanation: Leukemia is a general term used to describe a group of malignant conditions affecting blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph system.
- Adrenergics raise blood pressure by causing the blood vessels to contract. Patients must be assessed carefully to ensure that they are not receiving too much medication and developing __________________. Blood pressure must be checked regularly and often.
hypertension
Explanation: Adrenergics raise blood pressure by causing the blood vessels to contract. Assess patients carefully to make sure they are not receiving too much medication and developing hypertension.
- Sublingual nitroglycerin is a(n) _____________________ that acts to relieve angina pectoris by relaxing or dilating the walls of the arteries.
vasodilator
Explanation: Sublingual nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that acts to relieve angina pectoris by relaxing or dilating the walls of the arteries.
- Prevent ________________ of nitrates by removing paste or patches for eight hours—a “no nitrate” time.
tolerance
Explanation: Prevent tolerance of nitrates by removing paste or patches for eight hours—”a no nitrate” time.
- When a patient is on nitrate therapy, he or she should report severe headache, dry mouth, and blurred vision to the physician as these are symptoms of ________________.
overdose
Explanation: When a patient is on nitrate therapy, he or she should report severe headache, dry mouth, and blurred vision to the physician as these are symptoms of overdose.
- Drugs that help the body eliminate excess fluids through urinary excretion are called _____________.
diuretics
Explanation: A diuretic is a drug that eliminates excess fluids through urinary excretion.
- By reducing the amount of fluid in the body, diuretics work to reduce the amount of _______________ the heart has to pump; this effect is helpful for people with CHF.
blood
Explanation: By reducing the amount of fluid in the body, diuretics work to reduce the amount of blood the heart has to pump; this effect is helpful for people with CHF.
- Certain diuretics, because they also help dilate the blood vessels, are often given along with antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of ____________________.
high blood pressure
Explanation: Certain diuretics, because they also help dilate the blood vessels, are often given along with antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of high blood pressure.
- Drugs that are used to lower high blood pressure are called ___________________. Some work by widening blood vessels, causing the blood pressure to decrease.
antihypertensives
Explanation: Drugs that are used to lower high blood pressure are called antihypertensives. Some antihypertensives work by widening blood vessels, causing the blood pressure to decrease.
- _____________ are a category of drugs that relax the smooth muscle and act directly on arteries and veins to decrease blood pressure.
Vasodilators
Explanation: Vasodilators are a category of drugs that relax the smooth muscle and act directly on arteries and veins to decrease blood pressure.
- A sudden, lowered blood pressure that occurs when the patient stands up quickly is termed ________________________.
orthostatic hypotension
Explanation: Orthostatic hypotension is a lowering of the blood pressure when a person stands up from a sitting or lying position.
- A patient on antihypertensives should be educated to rise slowly from a sitting or lying position to avoid dizziness or ________________.
fainting
Explanation: When antihypertensives are taken, instruct a patient to slowly get up from a sitting or lying position to avoid dizziness or fainting.
- Before administering calcium channel blocker drugs, it is important to take the patient’s ________________ and ______________.
blood pressure, pulse
Explanation: Take a patient’s blood pressure and pulse before taking calcium channel blocker drugs.
- An antilipemic drug that decreases the lipid blood level may be prescribed to lower blood __________________ levels.
cholesterol
Explanation: An antilipemic drug decreases the blood lipid to lower the blood cholesterol level.
- Before giving digoxin, the patient’s ____________ pulse must be checked for one minute as digoxin doses are cumulative.
apical
Explanation: Before giving digoxin, the patient’s apical pulse must be checked for one minute as digoxin doses are cumulative.
- If a patient on digoxin has a pulse that is less than _________ beats per minute, do not give the drug; instead, notify the nurse.
60
Explanation: If a patient’s apical pulse is less than 60 bpm before giving digoxin, do not give the drug. Notify the nurse.
- Patients on digoxin must be _____________ daily to see if the digoxin is taking effect and whether the kidneys are working properly.
weighed
Explanation: Patients on digoxin must be weighed daily to see if the digoxin is taking effect and whether the kidneys are working properly.
- Antiarrhythmic medications act on the heart’s _____________ cells; they are used mainly to treat dysrhythmias.
pacemaker
Explanation: Antiarrhythmic medications act on the heart’s pacemaker cells. These drugs are used to treat dysrhythmias.
- __________________ prevent blood from clotting as quickly as possible.
Anticoagulants
Explanation: Anticoagulants are used to prevent blood from clotting.
- Anticoagulants are strong drugs; dosages must be adjusted carefully because they can lead to internal _______________. .
hemorrhage
Explanation: Anticoagulant doses must be carefully adjusted because they can lead to internal hemorrhage
- Drugs that are used to dissolve clots are termed _____________________.
thrombolytics
Explanation: Thrombolytics are drugs that are used to dissolve clots.
- Hemostatics help the formation of blood __________. This is useful when a patient has had an overdose of an anticoagulant.
clots
Explanation: Hemostatics help the formation of blood clots. They are useful when a patient has had an overdose of an anticoagulant.
- Hematinics are used when there is a lowered red blood cell count or a lack of hemoglobin in conditions such as ____________.
anemia
Explanation: Hematinics are used when there is a lowering red blood cell count or a lack of hemoglobin in conditions such as anemia.
- Drugs that suppress platelet aggregation and prevent thrombosis in arteries are termed _______________.
antiplatelets
Explanation: Antiplatelets suppress aggregation and prevent thrombosis in arteries.
- Conditions such as arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, stroke, or myocardial infarction may be treated with _________________ that prevent platelet plugs from blocking flow and oxygenation to the tissues.
antiplatelets
Explanation: Antiplatelets are used to treat thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, stroke, or myocardial infarction. They prevent platelet plugs from blocking flow and oxygenation to the tissues.
- An inexpensive and effective drug that may be used for its antiplatelet properties is _____________.
aspirin
Explanation: Aspirin is an inexpensive and effective drug that may be used for its antiplatelet properties.
- When a disorder has just been diagnosed, the doctor may order a fairly large dose to start the drug therapy. This quickly builds up the level of medication in the patient’s bloodstream, and it is called the initial or __________ dose.
loading
Explanation: When a disorder has just been diagnosed, the doctor may order a fairly large dose to start the drug therapy. This quickly builds up the level of medication in the patient’s bloodstream, and is called the initial or loading dose.
- The amount of medication that maintains the level of drug in the blood without overdosing the patient is the ____________________ dose.
maintenance
Explanation: The maintenance dose is the amount of medication that maintains the level of the drug in the blood without overdosing the patient.
100.Rapid, throbbing heartbeats are termed ________________, and may be a side effect of cardiovascular drugs.
palpitations
Explanation: Palpitations are rapid, throbbing heartbeats and may be a side effect of cardiovascular drugs.
101.Many patients with cardiovascular diseases must change their ____________ if they wish to survive. They may have to give up lifelong habits like smoking or eating rich and salty foods.
lifestyles
Explanation: Patients with cardiovascular diseases must change their lifestyles if they wish to survive. They may have developed bad lifelong habits such as smoking or eating rich, salty foods.
102.Sublingual drugs such as nitroglycerin, enteric-coated pills such as aspirin, and extended-release drugs should never be ________________; this will either degrade them or cause them to be less effective or become absorbed too quickly.
crushed
Explanation: Sublingual drugs such as nitroglycerin, enteric-coated pills such as aspirin, and extended-release drugs should never be crushed. This will either degrade them and cause them to be less effective or become absorbed too quickly.
103.When two or more blood pressure readings have a systolic pressure of greater than 140 mm Hg, this is termed ____________________.
hypertension
Explanation: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is when two or more systolic readings are above 140 mm Hg.
104.The medical term for a “heart attack” is a(n) ________________________________.
myocardial infarction
Explanation: The medical term for heart attack is myocardial infarction.
105.Another term for “bad” cholesterol is ______________________________.
low-density lipoprotein, or LDL.
Explanation: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is considered bad cholesterol because it transports cholesterol throughout the body.
106.High cholesterol is indicated by a total cholesterol of _______________ mg/dL and greater.
240
Explanation: A total cholesterol of 240 mg/dL and greater is considered high cholesterol.
107.A vitamin B12 injection is generally used to treat _______________________.
anemia
Explanation: Vitamin B12 is used in the treatment of anemia. Vitamin B12 is a hematinic, which provides the necessary ingredients for the production of red blood cells.
