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Medsci 307 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Tacrine

A

Alzheimer’s
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Hepatotoxic
Increases soluble APP

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2
Q

Aricept

A

Alzheimer’s
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Fewer side-effects than tacrine

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3
Q

Memantine

A

Alzheimer’s

NMDA antagonist.

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4
Q

Carbidopa

A

Parkinson’s
Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor.
Prevents break down of L-Dopa

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5
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Parkinson’s
D2 agonist
Decreases cAMP levels

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6
Q

Benztropine

A

Parkinson’s
Cholinergic antagonist
Reduces tremor and rigidity but NOT akinesia

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7
Q

Phencyclidine

A 
Schizophrenia
PCP/Angel dust
Best model of psychosis
Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, decreases NMDA action as it binds IN the channel. 
"Open channel blocker"
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8
Q

Neuroleptics

A

Schizophrenia

Increases glutamate release

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9
Q

Cycloserine

A

Schizophrenia
Glycine site agonist on NMDA receptor
With neuroleptic: reduces negative symptoms

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10
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Schizophrenia
Typical drug
Best for positive symptoms
Tricyclic
DA antagonist for D2 and D4
Shows extrapyramidal side effects such as Dyskinesias and Parkinson’s symptoms
Side effect: Anti-muscarinic (dries secretions)

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11
Q

Haloperidol

A 
Schizophrenia
Typical drug
DA antagonist for D2 and D4 receptors
D2 up-regulated in cortex AND striatum
Shows extrapyramidal side effects such as Dyskinesias and Parkinson's symptoms
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12
Q

Clozapine

A

Schizophrenia
Atypical drug
10 fold greater affinity for D4 receptors than D2 (dec. cAMP)
Reduces negative symptoms
No extrapyramidal symptoms as low D2 affinity
Up-regulates D2 in cortex
Side effect: Decreases macrophages

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13
Q

Risperidone

A

Schizophrenia

DA and Serotonin antagonist

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14
Q

Diazepam

A 
Anxiety + Epilepsy (status epilepticus)
Benzodiazepine
GABAa agonist
Incr frequency of Cl- channel opening
Incr GABAergic inhibition in brain
Decreases anxiety/seizures/muscle tone
Increases sedation/sleep
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15
Q

Midazolam

A

Anxiety (BZ)
Decreases anxiety
Pre-med used before surgery

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16
Q

Flumazenil

A

Anxiety
Benzodiazepine antagonist (increases anxiety)
used to treat BZ overdose
Blocks effect of inverse agonists (B-carbolines)

17
Q

Beta-carbolines (FG7142)

A

Anxiety
Inverse agonist to BZ receptors
Increases anxiety

18
Q

Buspirone

A

Anxiety
Acts on Dorsal raphe nucleus, hippocampus, amygdala
Serotonin partial agonist
Binds to DA receptors too
Selective anxiolytic
Does NOT bind to GABAa/BZ receptors
May act on the 5-HT autoreceptors, decr. 5-HT from raphe nucleus, thus decr. anxiety

19
Q

Prozac

A

Anxiety: inhibits serotonin re-uptake, incr. synaptic levels

20
Q

Reserpine

A

Depression (monoamine theory)

Depletes monoamines -> Depression

21
Q

Amphetamine

A

Depression (MA theory)
Increases MA available, blocking reuptake
Increases mood

22
Q

Amitriptyline & Imipramine

A

Depression
Tricyclic - first generation drug
Blocks NA and 5-HT reuptake
Anti-muscarinic actions (dries secretions)

23
Q

Phenelzine

A

Depression
MAO inhibitor - first generation drug
Increases monoamine levels
Toxic, so less widely used

24
Q

Moclobemide

A

Depression
REVERSIBLE MAOa selective inhibitor - 2nd generation
Increase in NA and 5-HT
Doesn’t target dopamine

25
Q

Fluoxetine (prozac)

Paroxetine (aropax)

A

Depression
SSRIs (Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors)
Potent
Better tolerated than tricyclic antidepressants

26
Q

Lithium carbonate

A 
Depression
Most effective treatment for BIPOLAR depression
No effect on unipolar depression
Stabilises manic and depressive phases
Increases grey matter volume
Stimulates neurogenesis
27
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Depression (BIPOLAR):
Particularly for rapid cyclers

Epilepsy:
Not absence
Half life - 30-50 hours
anticholinergic
decrease in repetitive firing neurons
28
Q

Phenobarbitone

A

Epilepsy
barbituate
Increases Cl- channel opening of GABAa ( incr. inhibition)
Used mainly for tonic/clonic seizures
Half life = 50-140 hours
Increases lipid solubility (getting through membranes)
Tolerance issues

29
Q

Phenytoin

A

Epilepsy
Antiepileptic lacking sedative effects (good thing)
Partial and tonic/clonic seizures (not absence)
Stabilises inactive form of Na channel (decreases repetitive firing)

30
Q

Sodium valproate

A

Depression (BIPOLAR):
Particularly for rapid cyclers

Epilepsy:
short chain fatty acid
half life = 15 hours
some hepatotoxicity
For absence epilepsy (inhibits T-type Ca currents)
Blocks GABA transaminase (increases GABA in brain)

31
Q

Felbamate

A

Epilepsy
NEW
complex partial seizures
MAY block NMDA receptors

32
Q

Gabapentin

A

Epilepsy
NEW
partial and tonic/clonic
MOA unclear

33
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Epilepsy
NEW
partial and tonic/clonic
MOA: reduces glutamate release

34
Q

Vigabatrin

A

Epilepsy
NEW
good for childhood epilepsy

Medsci 307 (10 decks)

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