Drug therapies vs psychotherapies Flashcards
What is glutamate (GLU)
excitatory neurotransmitter
Receptors found on 90% of neurons on the brain
what is GABA
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
-receptors found on 30% of neurotransmitters
what brain areas does anxiety cause increased activity in
Amygdala
Thalamus
Hippocampus
anxiety is related to overactivity of which neurotransmitters
Glutamate
Epinephrine
what are anxiolytics
drug that has sedative and calming effects
usually effective immediately
what can too much anxiolytics cause
sleepiness
what do barbiturates do
have powerful sedative effects
issues with barbiturates
-result in reduced respiration
-led to several accidental suicides
what were introduced to replace barbiturates
benzodiazepines
what do bensodiazapenes do
increase effectiveness of GABA
Safer alternative drug therapies to treat anxiety
Buspirone (affects serotonin)
Anticonvulsant drugs (affects GABA)
what do Beta blockers do
assume anxiety is the result of fight or flight response
work to block receptors for norepinephrine
when is exposure therapy used
for specific phobias
how is CBT used for anxiety
Learn how to control maladaptive thoughts that contribute to anxiety
what is serotonin responsible for regulating
Mood, appetite, sleep, sex, biological rhythms
what neurotransmitters is depression associated with
serotonin
epinephrine
dopamine
what are monoamines
a category of neurotransmitters including serotonin and dopamine
what is the function of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
bind to the enzyme to prevent breakdown of monoamines
what do tricyclics do
Inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
side effects of tricyclics
Dry mouth
constipation and urinary retention
Memory/cognitive impairments
what do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors do (SSRIs)
Blocks reuptake of serotonin
Leads to greater levels of serotonin in synapse
side effects of SSRIs
Emotional detachment
Discontinuation leads to
hallucinations
Sexual dysfunction
Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Same side effects as SSRIs
issues with antidepressant medication
Not as effective as certain types of therapy
Not effective for mild cases
Placebo effect
how is CBT used for depression
Learn how maladaptive thoughts contribute to depression
Focus on strategies that challenge these thoughts
what drugs are currently being used as experimental antidepressants
Ketamine and psilocybin (psychedelics)
what is the main route of treatment for bipolar
lithium as drug treatment
what clinician is responsible for giving psychotherapy
clinical psychologists
what clinician is responsible for prescribing medication
psychiatrist
medication pros
best when condition has strong biological components
best for severe cases
psychotherapy pros
most common and effective treatment
most effective used alongside medication
