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Personality and mental health > Behavioural, social, cognitive, approaches to personality > Flashcards

Behavioural, social, cognitive, approaches to personality Flashcards

1
Q

what does the behavioural approach believe personality is a result of

A

Observational learning
Operant conditioning

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2
Q

what is observational learning and when is it most effective

A

Personality develops as a result of mimicry of others
most effective in children

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3
Q

what did Bandura’s bobo doll study show

A

showed children beating up clown doll
child mimic behaviour of adults

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4
Q

how do gender roles relate to behaviourism

A

biological differences exist but lots are acquired through observational learning

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5
Q

what have studies found about TV and aggression

A

viewing aggression increases the likelihood of aggressive behaviours in children

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6
Q

why are violent video games problematic for children

A

-violence is being rewarded
-desensitisation to violence

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7
Q

why can video games not be considered a sole link to aggression

A

aggression more likely when children also experience
-physical abuse
-verbal abuse
-exposure to domestic violence

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8
Q

what is the law of effect

A
  • More likely to be repeated if they lead to satisfying consequences
    Less likely to be repeated if they lead to unsatisfying consequences
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9
Q

summary of operant conditioning

A

Rewards = Behaviours likely to be repeated
Punishments = Behaviours unlikely to be repeated

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10
Q

what did Skinner’s box experiment show

A

Due to punishment (electrical shock)
Red light = do not press lever
Due to reward (food)
Green light = press lever

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11
Q

operant conditioning principles applied to personality

A

Due to punishment (embarrassment)- Change personality
Due to rewards (social gains)-Solidify personality

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12
Q

what is generalisation

A

Generalizing a response of a specific stimulus to another stimulus

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13
Q

what is discrimination

A

Differentiation between rewarding and nonrewarding stimuli

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14
Q

strengths of behavioural approach to personality

A

Based within empirical research
Explains external influence on personality

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15
Q

limitations to behavioural view of personality

A
  • Tends to view human behaviour as simple
  • Assumes individuals are “blank slate”
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16
Q

how do we explain aggression biologically

A

inherited aggressive traits

17
Q

how do we explain aggression behaviourally

A

mimicking observed aggressive behaviours

18
Q

how do we explain anxiety biologically

A

right frontal lobe activity

19
Q

how do we explain anxiety behaviourally

A

conditioned response as an expectation of punishment

20
Q

what does the social approach look at

A

-How social processes and interactions, along with the environment, shape personality

21
Q

what does the cognitive approach look at

A

How mental representations and cognitive processing shape personality

22
Q

what does social learning theory suggest

A

Individuals generate own reinforcers - create expectations that guide our behaviour

23
Q

what is behaviour potential in SLT

A

different behaviours have a different likelihood of occurring

24
Q

what is reciprocal determinism

A

External and internal interactions influence personality

25
Q

what do external interactions involve

A

rewards and punishments

26
Q

what do internal interactions involve

A

beliefs thoughts and expectations

27
Q

what are social norms

A
  • Unwritten rules of how to behave - Ethical behaviour
    Peer or family expectations
28
Q

summarise Zimbardo’s Stamford prison experiment

A
  • Participants were randomly assigned to be a prisoner or guard
  • The guards became aggressive, prisoners became submissive
    Personality changed on their expectations of that societal role
29
Q

social norms for gender

A
  • Social pressure to act “like a man” or “like a lady” prevalent
    Norms to act as either masculine or feminine roles likely still shapes personality
30
Q

what is the semantic network model

A
  • Mental links between concepts
    Common processed provide basis for mental link
31
Q

what does a shorter path between concepts mean

A

a stronger association

32
Q

what is spreading activation

A

Concept is activated in semantic network, spread in any number of directions, activating other nearby associations in network

33
Q

what is a self schema

A

Cognitive representations of oneself that one uses to organize and process self-relevant information

34
Q

what do self schemas consist of

A

important behaviours and attributes

35
Q

what do self schemas provide a framework for

A

organizing and storing information about our personality

36
Q

what is the self reference effect

A

easy remembering of self-referent words as they are processed through self-schemas

Personality and mental health (18 decks)

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