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Paramedic ALS Guide > Drug Test Final > Flashcards

Drug Test Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the trade name of Acetaminophen?

A

Tylenol

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2
Q

What is the onset and duration of Acetaminophen?

A

Onset: 45 min
Duration: 3-4 hours

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3
Q

What is the classification of Acetaminophen?

A

Analgesic, antipyretic

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4
Q

What is the action of Acetaminophen?

A

Analgesic activity, antipyretic

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5
Q

What is the indication of Acetaminophen?

A

Fever, pain

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6
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Acetaminophen?

A

Liver dysfunction

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7
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Acetaminophen?

A

Nausea, vomiting, hepatoxicity

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8
Q

What is the route/ administration of Acetaminophen?

A

Oral/ rectal, may repeat every 4 hours

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9
Q

What is the adult dose of Acetaminophen?

A

650-1000mg (max of 4 grams per day)

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10
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Acetaminophen?

A

15mg/kg (max 75 mg/kg)

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11
Q

What is the trade name of Activated Charcoal?

A

EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char

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12
Q

What is the onset and duration of Activated Charcoal?

A

Onset: 20 minutes to over an hour
Duration: up to 3 hrs

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13
Q

What is the classification of Activated Charcoal?

A

Adsorbent

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14
Q

What is the action of Activated Charcoal?

A

Binds to and adsorbs toxic substances from the GI tract

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15
Q

What is the indication of Activated Charcoal?

A

Oral poisonings and medication overdose

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16
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Activated Charcoal?

A

Patient unable to swallow. Ingestion of corrosives, caustics, liquids, hydrocarbons. Patients with undiagnosed abdominal pain or known GI obstruction.

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17
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Activated Charcoal?

A

Aspiration, constipation, vomiting

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18
Q

What is the route/ administration of Activated Charcoal?

A

Oral/ nasogastric tube. Call medical control before using. Shake well.

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19
Q

What is the adult dose of Activated Charcoal?

A

25-50 grams

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20
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Activated Charcoal?

A

1g/kg

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21
Q

What is the trade name of Adenosine?

A

Adenocard

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22
Q

What is the onset and duration of Adenosine?

A

Onset: Rapid
Duration: Brief

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23
Q

What is the classification of Adenosine?

A

Antiarrhythmic

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24
Q

What is the action of Adenosine?

A

Slows conduction through the AV node.

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25
Q

What is the indication of Adenosine?

A

Symptomatic SVT/ PSVT

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26
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Adenosine?

A

2nd or 3rd degree heart block, drug induced tachycardia.

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27
Q

What is the side/ adverse effects of Adensoine?

A

Cardiac arrest, bronchospasm, chest pain, hypotension, SOB.

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28
Q

What is the route/ administration of Adenosine?

A

IV/IO rapid followed by immediate flush may repeat every 3 minutes.

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29
Q

What is the adult dose of Adenosine?

A

6mg 1st dose, 12 mg2nd dose.

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30
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Adenosine?

A

0.1 mg/kg 1st dose, 0.2 mg/kg 2nd dose.

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31
Q

What is the trade name of Albuterol?

A

Proventil, Ventolin

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32
Q

What is the onset and duration of Albuterol?

A

Onset: 5-15min
Duration: 2-6 hours

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33
Q

What is the classification of Albuterol?

A

Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, beta 2 agonist

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34
Q

What is the action of Albuterol?

A

Relaxation of bronchial muscles and peripheral vasculature.

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35
Q

What is the indication of Albuterol?

A

Asthma exacerbation, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, allergic reaction.

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36
Q

What is are the contra/ cautions of Albuterol?

A

Tachycardia, synergistic with other sympathomimetics.

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37
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Albuterol?

A

Palpitations, chest pain, tachycardia, hypertension, tremors.

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38
Q

What is the route/ administration of Albuterol?

A

Inhalation, medication is nebulized, may be repeated every 10 minutes.

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39
Q

What is the adult dose of Albuterol?

A

2.5mg in 3cc of NS

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40
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Albuterol?

A

> 1-year-old 2.5 mg in 3 cc of NS

< 1-year-old 1.25 mg in 3 cc of NS

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41
Q

What are the trade names of Amiodarone?

A

Cordarone, Pacerone

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42
Q

What is the onset and duration of Amiodarone?

A

Onset: Immediate
Duration: Variable but considered 30-45 dyas

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43
Q

What is the classification of Amiodarone?

A

Antiarrhythmic

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44
Q

What is the action of Amiodarone?

A

Delays repolarization and increases the duration of action potential.

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45
Q

What is the indication of Amiodarone?

A

V-fib, Pulseless V-Tach, Stable wide complex tachycardia, ROSC

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46
Q

What is are the contra and cautions of Amiodarone?

A

Sinus bradycardia, heart blocks

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47
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Amiodarone?

A

Loss of coordination, numbness or tingling, liver and lung problems.

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48
Q

What is the route/ administration of Amiodarone?

A

V-fib, Pulseless V-Tach: IV/IO
Stable wide complex tachycardia: IV/IO push over 10 minutes
ROSC: IV drip only if amiodarone bolus was used previously.

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49
Q

What is the adult dose of Amiodarone?

A

V-fib, Pulseless V-Tach: 300mg 150mg
Stable wide complex tachycardia: 150mg repeated once
ROSC: 1 mg/min when using a drip

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50
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Amiodarone?

A

V-fib, Pulseless V-Tach: 5 mg/kg may be repeated twice max of 15mg/kg
Stable wide complex tachycardia: 5mg/kg repeated once.

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51
Q

What is the trade name of Aspirin?

A

ASA, Bayer

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52
Q

What is the onset and duration of Aspirin?

A

Onset: 15-30 min
Duration: 4-6 hours

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53
Q

What is the classification of Aspirin?

A

Anti-Platelet aggregate, anti-inflammatory agent, NSAID.

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54
Q

What is the action of Aspirin?

A

Prevents platelets from clumping

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55
Q

What is the indication of Aspirin?

A

ACS, new onset chest pain, mild to moderate fever and pain.

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56
Q

What are the Contra/ Cautions of Aspirin?

A

Pediatrics, caution with patient on blood thinners, active ulcers or asthma.

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57
Q

What are the Side/ Adverse effects of Aspirin?

A

Prolonged bleeding, GI bleeding, wheezing, Tinnitus, heart burn

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58
Q

What is the route/ administration of Aspirin?

A

Oral Preferably chewed

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59
Q

What is the adult dose of Aspirin?

A

324mg

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60
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Aspirin?

A

Do not give to Pediatrics

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61
Q

What is the trade name of Atropine?

A

None

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62
Q

What is the onset/duration of Atropine?

A

Onset: Rapid
Duration: 2-6 hours

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63
Q

What is the classification of Atropine?

A

Parasympatholytic, anticholinergic agent

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64
Q

What is the action of Atropine?

A

Increases heart rate

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65
Q

What is the indication of Atropine?

A

Unstable bradycardia, Organophosphate poisoning/ Nerve agents

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66
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Atropine?

A

Tachycardia, hypothermic bradycardia, caution with glaucoma.

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67
Q

What is side/ adverse effects of Atropine?

A

Palpitations

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68
Q

What is the route/ administration of Atropine?

A

IV/IO/IM Unstable brady- repeat every 3-5min

Nerve agents: every 15 minutes until patient improves.

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69
Q

What is the adult dose of Atropine?

A

Unstable bradycardia: .5mg (max 3mg) may be repeated every 3-5 minutes.
Organophosphate poisoning: 2.0mg (mild to moderate symptoms) 4.0mg

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70
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Atropine?

A

Unstable bradycardia: 0.02 mg/kg may be repeated once (max single dose 0.5mg, Minimum dose 0.1mg)
Organophosphate poisoning: See department protocols doses start at 0.02mg/kg

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71
Q

What is the trade name of Calcium Chloride?

A

none

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72
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Calcium Chloride?

A

Onset: 5-15min
Duration: Dose dependent but may last up to 4 hours

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73
Q

What is the classification of Calcium Chloride?

A

Electrolyte

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74
Q

What is the action of Calcium Chloride?

A

Increases the cardiac contractility

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75
Q

What is the indication of Calcium Chloride?

A

Hypocalcemia, overdoses of magnesium sulfate, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers, crush injuries.

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76
Q

What is the contra/ cautions of Calcium Chloride?

A

Hypercalcemia, V-fib, digitalis toxicity

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77
Q

What is the are the side/ adverse effects of Calcium Chloride?

A

Cardiac arrest, dysrhythmias, bradycardia, peripheral vasodilation.

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78
Q

What is the route/ administration of Calcium Chloride?

A

IV/ IO
Hypocalcemia and Overdoses: May repeat as needed every 5 minutes push slowly.
Crush injuries: give prior to releasing load

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79
Q

What is the adult dose of calcium chloride?

A

Hypocalcemia and Overdoses: 500-1000mg

Crush Injuries: 1 gram

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80
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Calcium Chloride?

A

Hypocalcemia and Overdoses: 20 mg/kg

Crush injuries: Call OLMC

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81
Q

What is the trade name of Dextrose?

A

Glucose, D50, D25, D10

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82
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Dextrose?

A

Onset: 1 min
Duration: variable depending on degree

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83
Q

What is the classification of Dextrose?

A

Carbohydrate

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84
Q

What is the action of Dextrose?

A

Increase blood sugar level

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85
Q

What is the indication of Dextrose?

A

Hypoglycemia, no gag reflex (oral glucose)

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86
Q

What is the contra/ cautions of Dextrose?

A

Caution with intercranial hemorrhage

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87
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Dextrose?

A

Tissue necrosis if IV site is infiltrated

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88
Q

What is the route/ administration of Dextrose?

A

IV/IO/Oral titrate to effect, pediatric doses are diluted in normal saline

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89
Q

What is the Adult dose of Dextrose?

A

Oral glucose: 15g

Dextrose: 25g

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90
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Dextrose?

A

Oral glucose: 7.5g, D10 2ml/kg <1month

Infants up to a year D10 5ml/kg, children over a year D25 2ml/kg

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91
Q

What is the trade name of Diazepam?

A

Valium

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92
Q

What is the onset and duration of Diazepam?

A

Onset:1-5min IV 15-30 IM

Duration 15-60 min

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93
Q

What is the classification of Diazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine

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94
Q

What is the action of Dizepam?

A

Induces amnesia and sedation, raises seizure threshold.

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95
Q

What is the indication of Diazepam?

A

Seizures, chemical sedation, anxiety

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96
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Diazepam?

A

Respiratory depression, coma, head injury.

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97
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Diazepam?

A

Respiratory depression, muscle weakness

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98
Q

What is the route and administration of Diazepam?

A

IV/IO Rectal every 5 min

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99
Q

What is the adult dose of Diazepam?

A

5-10mg (max 30mg), cut dose in half for patients on narcotics or alcohol.

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100
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Diazepam?

A

0.1mg/kg (max 10mg)

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101
Q

What is the trade name of Diphenhydramine?

A

Benadryl

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102
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Diphenhydramine?

A

Onset: 5-15min with max effects in 1-3 hrs
Duration: 6-12 hrs

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103
Q

What is the classification of Diphenhydramine?

A

Antihistamine, anticholinergic agent

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104
Q

What is the action of Diphenhydramine?

A

Blocks histamine receptors, decrease vasodilation

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105
Q

What is the indication of Diphenhydramine?

A

Moderate to severe allergic reaction

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106
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Diphenhydramine?

A

Pregnancy, infants, nursing mothers, patients taking MAOIs, asthma.

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107
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Diphenhydramine?

A

sedation, paradoxical excitement in children, increase bronchial secretions

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108
Q

What is the route/ administration of Diphenhydramine?

A

IV/IO/IM

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109
Q

What is the adult dose of Diphenhydramine?

A

25-50 mg

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110
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Diphenhydramine?

A

1 mg/kg

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111
Q

What is the trade name of Dopamine?

A

Intropin

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112
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Dopamine?

A

Onset:2-4 min
Duration:10-15 min

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113
Q

What is the classification of Dopamine?

A

Sympathomimetic, vasopressor

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114
Q

What is the action of Dopamine?

A

inotropic and chronotropic effects increase blood pressure.

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115
Q

What is the indication of Dopamine?

A

Hypotension, bradycardia

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116
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Dopamine?

A

Hypovolemic shock, tachydysrhythmias, V-fib

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117
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Dopamine?

A

Anxiety, hypertension, chest pain increased myocardial oxygen demand.

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118
Q

What is the rout/ administration of Dopamine?

A

IV/IO titrate to increase blood pressure to 100 systolic, titrate too normal pediatric blood pressure.

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119
Q

What is the adult dose of Dopamine?

A

2-20 mcg/kg/min

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120
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Dopamine?

A

2-20 mcg/kg/min

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121
Q

What is the trade name of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Adrenalin

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122
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Onset: 1-2 min IV/IO 5-10min IM
Duration: 5-10min

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123
Q

What is the classification of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Sympathomimetic

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124
Q

What is the action of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Vasoconstriction, positive inotropic, chronotropic and dromotropic effects.

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125
Q

What is the indication of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Cardiac arrest, Neonatal resuscitation when HR is less than 60

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126
Q

What is the contra/ cautions of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Hypertension, hypothermia

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127
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Tachycardia, hypertension, chest pain

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128
Q

What is the route/ administration of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

IV/IO may repeat every 3-5 minutes.

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129
Q

What is the adult dose of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

1mg

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130
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

cardiac arrest: 0.01 mg/kg

Neonatal resuscitation: 0.01-0.03 mg/kg

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131
Q

What is the trade name of Fentanyl?

A

Sublimaze

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132
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Fentanyl?

A

Fast/ Moderate

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133
Q

What is the classification of Fentanyl?

A

Opioid analgesic

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134
Q

What is the action of Fentanyl?

A

Binds to opiate receptors producing analgesia

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135
Q

What is the indication of fentanyl?

A

Pain Management

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136
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Fentanyl?

A

Traumatic brain injury, patients taking MAOI, myasthenia gravis, respiratory depression.

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137
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Fentanyl?

A

CNS depression, nausea, vomiting

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138
Q

What is the route/ administration of Fentanyl?

A

IV/IN/IM/IO doses may be given every 10 minutes

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139
Q

What is the adult dose of Fentanyl?

A

50-100 mcg (max 200mcg)

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140
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Fentanyl?

A

1 mcg/kg (max 75 mcg per dose)

2 mcg/kg for intranasal (max 100mcg per dose)

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141
Q

What is the trade name of Furosemide?

A

Lasix

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142
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Furosemide?

A

Onset: 15-20 min IV
Duration: 2 hrs

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143
Q

What is the classification of Furosemide?

A

loop diuretic

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144
Q

What is the action of Furosemide?

A

increases urine output

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145
Q

What is the indication of Furosemide?

A

CHF, pulmonary edema, hypertensive crisis

146
Q

What is the contra/ cautions of Furosemide?

A

Hypovolemia, anuria, hypotension, pregnancy

147
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Furosemide?

A

ECG changes, hypotension

148
Q

What is the route/ administration of Furosemide?

A

IV/IO

149
Q

What is the adult dose of Furosemide?

A

40 mg (max of 80 mg) or twice the amount of pt prescribed dose max (120 mg)

150
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Furosemide?

A

call OLMC

151
Q

What is the trade name of Glucagon?

A

GlucaGen

152
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Glucagon?

A

Onset: 10-20 min IM 1 min IV
Duration: 60-90 min

153
Q

What is the classification of Glucagon?

A

Pancreatic hormone, insulin antagonist

154
Q

What is the action of Glucagon?

A

Increases blood sugar level by stimulating glycogenolysis

155
Q

What is the indication of Glucagon?

A

Hypoglycemia

156
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Glucagon?

A

Hyperglycemia

157
Q

What is are the side/ adverse effects of Glucagon?

A

Rebound hypoglycemia, hypertension

158
Q

What is the route/ administration of Glucagon?

A

IV/IO/IM

159
Q

What is the adult dose of Glucagon?

A

1 mg

160
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Glucagon?

A

0.1 mg/kg

161
Q

What is the trade name of Haloperidol?

A

Haldol

162
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Haloperidol?

A

Onset: 30-60 min IM

Duration 12-24 hrs

163
Q

What is the classification of haloperidol?

A

Tranquilizer, antipsychotic

164
Q

What is the action of Haloperidol?

A

Sedative effect

165
Q

What is the indication of Haloperidol?

A

Acute psychotic episodes

166
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Haloperidol?

A

Parkinson disease, depressed CNS, pregnancy, head injury

167
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Haloperidol?

A

Seizures, dystonia, QT prolongation

168
Q

What is the route/ administration of Haloperidol?

A

IM/ IV/IO

169
Q

What is the Adult dose of Haloperidol?

A

IM: 5-10 mg

IV/IO: 2-5 mg

170
Q

What is the pediatric dose for Haloperidol?

A

Not recommended for kids under 6 years,
0.15 mg/kg 6-12 years old
12 years old use adult dose.

171
Q

What is the trade name of Ibuprofen?

A

Motrin

172
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Ibuprofen?

A

Onset: 30-60 min
Duration: 6-8 hours

173
Q

What is the classification of Ibuprofen?

A

Analgesic, antipyretic, NSAID

174
Q

What is the indication of Ibuprofen?

A

fever, pain

175
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Ibuprofen?

A

Children under 6 months old, immune- compromised patients

176
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Ibuprofen?

A

GI intolerance

177
Q

What is the route/ administration of Ibuprofen?

A

Oral may be given every 6-8 hours. Consider alternating with Acetaminophen

178
Q

What is the adult dose of Ibuprofen?

A

800mg

179
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Iburprofen?

A

10 mg/kg (max of 40 mg/kg/day)

180
Q

What is the action of Ibuprofen?

A

Analgesic activity, antipyretic activity

181
Q

What is the trade name of ipratropium?

A

Atrovent

182
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Ipatropium?

A

Onset: 5-15 min
Duration: 4-6 hr

183
Q

What is the classification of Ipatropium?

A

Anticholinergic, bronchodilator

184
Q

What is the action of Ipratropium?

A

Inhibits interaction of acetylcholine at the receptor sites of bronchial smooth muscle.

185
Q

What are the indications of Ipratropium?

A

persistent bronchospasm, COPD exacerbation, wheezing

186
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Ipratropium?

A

Atropine, alkaloids, allergy to peanuts

187
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Ipratropium?

A

Dyspnea, tachycardia, palpitations, MI

188
Q

What is the route/ administration of Ipratropium?

A

Nebulized and mixed with first dose of albuterol

189
Q

What is the adult dose of Ipratropium?

A

0.5 mg

190
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Ipratropium?

A

5-12 years old 0.125-0.25 mg

12 year and older 0.25-0.5 mg

191
Q

What is the trade name of Ketamine?

A

Ketalar

192
Q

What is the onset/ Duration of Ketamine?

A

Onset: 30 seconds
Duration:5-10 min

193
Q

What is the classification of Ketamine?

A

Anesthetic agent

194
Q

What is the action of Ketamine?

A

Analgesic effects and sedation.

195
Q

What is the indication of Ketamine?

A

Pain or anxiety only given if opiates are not tolerated. May be given if patient has marginal vitals that may worsen with opiate administration.

Chemical sedation, excited delirium

196
Q

What is the contra/ caution of ketamine?

A

Severe Hypertension

197
Q

What are the side effects of ketamine?

A

Hypertension, Tachycardia, Increased ICP, Visual hallucinations.

198
Q

What is the route/ administration of Ketamine?

A

Pain/ Anxiety: may be given every 5 minutes, IN dose given once
Chemical sedation, excited delirium: IV/ IO/ IM given once

199
Q

What is the adult dose of Ketamine?

A

Pain/ anxiety: 10-20 mg (max 40 mg), 50 mg IN dose.

Chemical sedation: 2mg/kg IV 4mg/kg IM

200
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Ketamine?

A

Pain/ anxiety: 0.15-0.3 mg/kg (max .6 mg/kg), 0.7 mg/kg IN dose
Chemical sedation: 1 mg/kg, 3mg/kg IM dose

201
Q

What is the onset and duration of Lactated Ringers?

A

Onset: Immediate
Duration: Effects cease after infusion

202
Q

What is the classification of Lactated ringers?

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution

203
Q

What is the action of Lactated Ringers?

A

Replaces water and electrolytes

204
Q

What are the indications for Lactated Ringers?

A

Hypovolemic shock, IV maintenance

205
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Lactated Ringers?

A

Congestive heart failure, renal failure

206
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Lactated Ringers?

A

Rare in therapeutic dosages

207
Q

What is the route and administration of Lactated Ringers?

A

IV/IO

208
Q

What is the adult dose of Lactated Ringers?

A

500ml increments (max 2 liters)

209
Q

What is the Pediatric dose of Lactated Ringers?

A

20ml/kg (max 60ml/kg call OLMC for further dosing)

210
Q

What is the trade name of Lidocaine?

A

Xylocaine

211
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Lidocaine?

A

Onset: 30-90 sec
Duration:10-20 minutes

212
Q

What is the classification of Lidocaine?

A

Antidysrhythmic

213
Q

What is the action of Lidocaine?

A

Decreases automaticity of cardiac cells

214
Q

What is the indication of Lidocaine?

A

Cardiac arrest, stable wide area tachycardia, post cardiac arrest, severe cough, conscious IO administration.

215
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Lidocaine?

A

2nd or 3rd degree heart blocks, bradycardia, Stokes-Adams syndrome.

216
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Lidocaine?

A

respiratory arrest, dysrhythmias

217
Q

What is the route/ administration of Lidocaine?

A

IV/IO repeat every 3-5 minutes, slow push

218
Q

What is the adult dose of Lidocaine?

A

Cardiac arrest: 1.0-1.5 mg/kg (max 3 mg/kg),
Post cardiac arrest: 2-4 mg/min,
Severe Cough:40-60 mg added to ns,
Conscious IO: 20-50 mg

219
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Lidocaine?

A

Cardiac arrest:1 mg/kg (max 3 mg/kg),

Conscious IO: .5 mg/kg

220
Q

What is the trade name of Lorazepam?

A

Ativan

221
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Lorazepam?

A

Onset: 1-3 min IV, 10-30 IM
Duration:2 hrs

222
Q

What is the classification of Lorazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine

223
Q

What is the action of Lorazepam?

A

induces amnesia and sedation, raises seizure threshold.

224
Q

What is the indication of Lorazepam?

A

Seizures, severe anxiety, sedation

225
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Lorazepam?

A

CNS depression, hypotension, bradycardia

226
Q

What is the route/ administration of Lorazepam?

A

IV/IO may be given every 5 minutes

227
Q

What is the adult does of Lorazepam?

A

1-2 mg max of 4 mg

228
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Lorazepam?

A

0.1 mg/kg

229
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Onset: Immediate IV
Duration: 30 min IV

230
Q

What is the classification of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Electrolyte

231
Q

What is the action of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Reduces striate muscle contractions, induces uterine relaxation.

232
Q

What is the indication of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Seizures of eclampsia, Torsades de pointes

233
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of magnesium Sulfate?

A

Heart blocks, myocardial damage

234
Q

What are the side. adverse effects of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

CNS depression, abnormal ECG, vasodilation

235
Q

What is the route/ administration of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Seizures of eclampsia: IV/IO (given over 15 to 30 minutes) IM,
Torsades de pointes: IV,IO given over 2 minutes

236
Q

What is the adult dose of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Seizures of Eclampsia: 4g

Torsades de Pointes: 1-2 g

237
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Torsades de Pointes: 25-50 mg/kg

238
Q

What is the trade name of Midazolam?

A

Versed

239
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Midazolam?

A

Onset: 1-3 min IV
Duration: 2-6 hours IV

240
Q

What is the classification of Midazolam?

A

Benzodiazepine

241
Q

What is the action of Midazolam?

A

Induces amnesia and sedation, raises seizure threshold

242
Q

What are the indication of Midazolam?

A

seizures, chemical sedation, anxiety

243
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Midazolam?

A

Respiratory depression, coma

244
Q

What is the side/ adverse effect of Midazolam?

A

Respiratory depression

245
Q

What is the route/ administration of Midazolam?

A

IV/IO Titrate to effect, IN, IM

246
Q

What is the adult dose of Midazolam?

A

IV/IO: 2 mg increments max of 10 mg
IN: 5 mg each nostril (max 10 mg)
IM: 5 mg may be repeated once after 10 min (max 10 mg). Cut dose in half for patients on narcotics or alcohol.

247
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Morphine?

A

Onset:1-2 min
Duration: 2-7 hrs

248
Q

What is the classification of Morphine?

A

Opioid analgesic

249
Q

What is the action of Morphine?

A

Alleviates pain, decreases Myocardial oxygen demand by lowering BP

250
Q

What is the indication of Morphine?

A

Moderate to severe pain, chest pain

251
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Morphine?

A

Head injury, CVA, depressed respiratory drive, undiagnosed abdominal pain, hypotension, MAOI use within 14 days.

252
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Morphine?

A

Sedation, CNS depression, syncope

253
Q

What is the route / administration of Morphine?

A

IV/IO/IM may be given every 10 minutes, titrate to effect

254
Q

What is the adult dose of Morphine?

A

4-10 mg (max 20 mg) call OLMC for additional doses

255
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Morphine?

A

0.1 mg/kg (max 4 mg per dose.)

256
Q

What is the trade name of Naloxone?

A

Narcan

257
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Naloxone?

A

Onset: 2 min
Duration: 30-60 min (not as long as Heroin)

258
Q

What is the classification of Naloxone?

A

Opioid Antagonist

259
Q

What is the action of Naloxone?

A

Competitive inhibition oat narcotic receptor sites

260
Q

What is the indication of Naloxone?

A

Opiate overdose

261
Q

What is the caution/ cautions of Naloxone?

A

Caution with narcotic- dependent patients

262
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Naloxone?

A

Withdrawal symptoms, nausea, vomiting, seizures

263
Q

What is the route/ administration of Naloxone?

A

IV/IN/IM/IO may repeat once

264
Q

What is the adult dose of Naloxone?

A

0.4-2.0mg

265
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Naloxone?

A

0.1 mg/kg

266
Q

What is the trade name of Nitroglycerin?

A

Nitrostat, Nitro-bid, Tridil

267
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Nitroglycerin?

A

Onset 1-3 min and duration 30-60 min

268
Q

What is the classificaiton of Nitroglycerin?

A

Vasodilator

269
Q

What is the action of Nitroglycerin?

A

Smooth muscle relaxant, decreases workload on the heart.

270
Q

What is the indication of Nitroglycerin?

A

Acute chest pain, hypertension, CHF, Pulmonary edema

271
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Nitroglycerin?

A

Systolic blood pressure under 100, severe bradycardia, tachycardia, Patients who have taken Cialis, Levitra, or Viagra in the last 48 hrs. Patients who have taken pulmonary hypertension medications within 24 hrs.

272
Q

What is the side/ adverse effects of Nitroglycerin?

A

Hypotension

273
Q

What is the route/ administration of Nitroglycerin?

A

Sublingual may be repeated every 5 minutes

274
Q

What is the adult dose of Nitroglycerin?

A

0.4mg (max 1.2 mg)

275
Q

What is the trade name of Ondansetron?

A

Zofran

276
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Ondansetron?

A

Onset:15-30 min
Duration: 3-6 hr

277
Q

What is the classification of Ondansetron?

A

Antiemetic, serotonin receptor antagonist

278
Q

What is the action of Ondansetron?

A

Blocks serotonin causing a decrease in nausea/ vomiting

279
Q

What is the indication of Ondansetron?

A

Nausea or Vomiting

280
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Ondansetron?

A

Hypersensitivity, GI obstruction, use caution with liver disease

281
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Ondansetron?

A

ECG irregularities (rare), dizziness, headache, hiccups, pruritus, chills.

282
Q

What is the route/ administration of Ondansetron?

A

IV/IM/PO

283
Q

What is the Adult dose of Ondansetron?

A

4-8 mg

284
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Ondansetron?

A

0.1 mg/kg ( max 4 mg)

285
Q

What is the trade name of Oxytocin?

A

Pitocin

286
Q

What is the Onset/ duration of Oxytocin?

A

Onset: Immediate
Duration: 1 hour

287
Q

What is the classification of Oxytocin?

A

Pituitary hormone

288
Q

What is the action of Oxytocin?

A

Increases uterine contractions

289
Q

What is the indication of Oxytocin?

A

Excessive hemorrhaging after placenta is delivered

290
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Oxytocin?

A

Presence of Second fetus, bradycardia

291
Q

What are the side. adverse effects of Oxytocin?

A

Stimulates lactation, seizures, anxiety, dysrhythmias

292
Q

What is the route/ administration of Oxytocin?

A

IM, if bleeding continues call OLMC to start IV/IO drip

293
Q

What is the adult dose of Oxytocin?

A

10 units

Drip: 40 units in 1000mL of NS

294
Q

What is the trade name of Promethazine?

A

Phenergan

295
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Promethazine?

A

Onset: Rapid by IV
Duration: 4-6 hr

296
Q

What is the classification of Promethazine?

A

Antiemetic, antihistamine

297
Q

What is the action of Promethazine?

A

Blocks action of histamine, anti-motion, antiemetic, potentiates narcotic

298
Q

What is the indication of Promethazine?

A

Nausea, Vomiting, potentiating analgesic effects of narcotics

299
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Promethazine?

A

CNS depression from other drugs, lower respiratory symptoms

300
Q

What is the side/ adverse effects of Promethazine?

A

Sedation, confusion, tissue irritation

301
Q

What is the route/ administration of Promethazine?

A

IV: Push slowly and dilute medication in 10 mL normal saline.
IM: administer only if systolic is over 100

302
Q

What is the adult dose of Promethazine?

A

IV: 12.5-25 mg
IM: 25 mg

303
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Promethazine?

A

Not recommended call OLMC

304
Q

What is the trade name of Propofol?

A

Diprivan

305
Q

What is the onset/duration of Propofol?

A

Onset: rapid onset action that is dose dependent and less than a minute

306
Q

What is the classification of Propofol?

A

Sedative hypnotic, short acting

307
Q

What is the action of Propofol?

A

rapid and brief general anesthesia

308
Q

What is the indication of Propofol?

A

rapid sequence intubation, anesthesia

309
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Propofol?

A

Hypovolemia, hypersensitivity to soybean oil, peanuts and eggs

310
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Propofol?

A

seizures, apnea, dysrhythmias, acute renal failure

311
Q

What is the route/ administration of Propofol?

A

IV/IO

312
Q

What is the adult dose of Propofol?

A

Induction dose 1.5-3 mg/kg, maintenance infusion 25-75 ug/kg/min

313
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Propofol?

A

induction dose 2.5-3.5 mg/kg, maintenance infusion 125-300 ug/kg/min

314
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Onset: 2-10 min
Duration: 30-60 min

315
Q

What is the classification of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Systemic hydrogen ion buffer

316
Q

What is the action of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Buffers metabolic acidosis

317
Q

What is the indication of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Metabolic acidosis from cardiac arrest
Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
Crush injury

318
Q

What is the contra. caution of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Metabolic alkalosis, electrolyte imbalance from vomiting

319
Q

What is the side. adverse effects of Sodium bicarbonate?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

320
Q

What is the route/ administration of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

IV/IO
Tricyclic antidepressant overdose: Heart rate over 120 QRS wider than .1 secs
Crush injury: Administer normal bolus than hang liter bag with mEq/kg

321
Q

What is the adult dose of sodium bicarbonate?

A

Metabolic acidosis from cardiac arrest: 1-2 mEq/kg
Tricyclic antidepressant overdose: 1 mEq/kg
Crush injury: 1 mEq/kg

322
Q

What is the pediatric dose of sodium bicarbonate?

A

1 mEq/kg call OLMC

323
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Sodium Chloride?

A

Onset: immediate
Duration: effects cease after infusion

324
Q

What is the trade name of .9% sodium chloride?

A

Normal saline

325
Q

What is the classification of .9% sodium chloride?

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution

326
Q

What is the action of .9% sodium chloride?

A

replaces water and electrolytes

327
Q

What is the indication for .9% sodium chloride?

A

Traumatic shock

Non traumatic shock

328
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of .9% sodium chloride?

A

Congestive heart failure, caution with wet lung sounds

329
Q

What is the side/ adverse effects of .9% sodium chloride?

A

rare in therapeutic doses

330
Q

What is the route and administration of .9% sodium chloride?

A

IV/IO

331
Q

What is the adult dose of .9% sodium chloride?

A

Traumatic shock: 500 mL increments, closed head injury 110-120 systolic, Open head injury maintain 80-90 systolic.
Non traumatic shock: 500 mL increments max 2 liters

332
Q

What is the pediatric dose of .9% sodium chloride?

A

20 ml/kg (max of 60 ml/kg call OLMC for further dosing

333
Q

What is the trade name of Succinylcholine Chloride?

A

Anectine

334
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Succinylcholine Chloride?

A

Onset: less than 1 min
Duration: 5-10 min

335
Q

What is the classification of Succinylcholine Chloride?

A

Neuromuscular blocker

336
Q

What is the action of Succinylcholine Chloride?

A

Short acting skeletal muscle relaxant

337
Q

What is the indication of Succinylcholine Chloride?

A

Rapid sequence intubation

338
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Succinylcholine Chloride?

A

Major burns, extensive injury

339
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Succinylcholine Chloride?

A

Respiratory depression, dysrhythmias, cardia arrest

340
Q

What is the route/ administration of Succinylcholine Chloride?

A

IV/IO push quickly repeat once if needed

341
Q

What is the adult dose of Succinylcholine Chloride?

A

1.0-1.5 mg/kg

342
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Succinylcholine Chloride?

A

1.0-1.5 mg/kg 2.0 mg/kg for infants

343
Q

What is the trade name of Vasopressin?

A

Pitressin

344
Q

What is he onset/ duration of Vasopressin?

A

Onset: Immediate
Duration: variable

345
Q

What is the classification of Vasopressin?

A

vasopressor

346
Q

What is the action of Vasopressin?

A

stimulation of smooth muscle receptors

347
Q

What is the indication of Vasopressin?

A

Alternative to epinephrine in cardiac arrest

348
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Vasopressin?

A

Caution with coronary artery disease, epilepsy or heart failure

349
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Vasopressin?

A

Chest pain, dysrhythmia

350
Q

What is the route/ administration of Vasopressin?

A

IV/IO 1st or 2nd dose of epinephrine. Given once

351
Q

What is the adult dose of Vasopressin?

A

40 units

352
Q

What is the trade name of Vecuronium Bromide?

A

Norcuron

353
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Vecuronium Bromide

A

Onset: 3-5 min
Duration: 20-35 min

354
Q

What is the classification of Vecuronium Bromide?

A

Neuromuscular blocker

355
Q

What is the action of Vecuronium Bromide?

A

Skeletal muscle relaxant

356
Q

What is the indication of Vecuronium Bromide?

A

Rapid Sequence Intubation

357
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Vecuronium Bromide?

A

Newborns, myasthenia gravis, hepatic or renal failure

358
Q

What is the side/ adverse effects of Vecuronium Bromide?

A

Respiratory depression, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest

359
Q

What is the route/ administration of Vecuronium Bromide?

A

IV/IO
Adult: maintenance dose within 40-45 min after induction dose
Pediatric: maintenance dose within 20-40 minutes after induction dose

360
Q

What is the adult dose of Vecuronium Bromide?

A

0.1-0.2 mg/kg

361
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Vecuronium Bromide?

A

0.01-0.015 mg/kg

Paramedic ALS Guide (11 decks)

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