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Paramedic ALS Guide > All Drug Test > Flashcards

All Drug Test Flashcards

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1
Q

By what action does Amiodarone work?

A

Delays polarization and increases duration of action potential.

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2
Q

By what action does Atropine work?

A

Increases heart rate.

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3
Q

What are the contraindications and cautions for .9% sodium chloride?

A

Congestive heart failure. Caution with wet lung sounds.

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4
Q

What are the Contraindications and Cautions of Lactated Ringers?

A

Congestive heart failure, renal failure.

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5
Q

What are the contraindications/ cautions for Atropine?

A

Tachycardia, hypothermic bradycardia, caution with glaucoma.

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6
Q

what are the contraindications/ cautions of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Hypertension, hypothermia

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7
Q

What are the contraindications/ cautions of Nitroglycerin?

A

Systolic blood pressure under 100, severe bradycardia, tachycardia. Patients who have taken Cialis, Levitra or Viagra in the last 48 hrs. Patient who have taken pulmonary hypertension medications within 24hrs.

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8
Q

What are the indications for Amiodarone?

A

V-Fib, Pulseless V-Tach, Stable wide complex tachycardia, ROSC.

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9
Q

What are the indications for Atropine?

A

Unstable bradycardia, Organophosphate poisoning/ Nerve agents.

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10
Q

What are the onset and duration of Lactated Ringers?

A

Immediate and effects cease after infusion

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11
Q

What are the side effects of Aspirin?

A

Prolonged bleeding. GI bleeding, Wheezing, tinnitus, Heartburn.

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12
Q

What are the side or adverse effects of Lactated Ringers?

A

Rare in therapeutic dosages.

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13
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of .9% sodium chloride?

A

Rare in therapeutic dosages.

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14
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Tachycardia, hypertension, chest pain.

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15
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Nitroglycerin?

A

Hypotension.

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16
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Atropine?

A

Palpitations

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17
Q

What are the trade names for Nitroglycerin?

A

Tridil, Nitorbid, Nitrostat

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18
Q

What are the trade names of Amiodarone?

A

Cordarone, Pacerone

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19
Q

What is the action of .9% sodium chloride?

A

Replaces water and electrolytes

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20
Q

What is the Action of Aspirin?

A

Prevents platelets from clumping.

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21
Q

What is the action of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Vasoconstriction, Positive intropic, chonotropic and dromotropic effects.

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22
Q

What is the Action of Lactated Ringers?

A

Replaces water and electrolytes

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23
Q

What is the action of Nitroglycerin?

A

Smooth muscle relaxant, decreases workload on the chest.

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24
Q

What is the adult does of .9% sodium chloride for traumatic shock?

A

500ml increments. Closed head injuries maintain 110-120 systolic. For open head injury maintain 80-90 systolic.

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25
Q

What is the adult does of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

1mg

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26
Q

What is the adult dose of .9% sodium chloride for nontraumatic shock?

A

500 ml increments (max 2 liters)

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27
Q

What is the Adult dose of Aspirin?

A

324 mg

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28
Q

What is the adult dose of Atropine?

A

Unstable bradycardia: .5 mg (max 3mg) may be repeated every 3-5 min. Organophosphate/ Nerve agents: 2.0 mg-4.0 mg mild to moderate symptoms every, 15 min until patient improves.

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29
Q

What is the Adult dose of Lactated Ringers?

A

500ml increments (max 2 liters)

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30
Q

What is the adult dose of Nitroglycerin?

A

.4 mg (max of 1.2mg)

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31
Q

What is the classification of .9% sodium chloride?

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution

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32
Q

What is the classification of Amiodarone?

A

Antiarrythmic

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33
Q

What is the classification of Aspirin?

A

Anti-platelet aggregate, anti-inflammatory agent, NSAID

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34
Q

What is the classification of Atropine?

A

Parasympatholytic, anticholinergic agent.

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35
Q

What is the classification of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Sympathomimetic

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36
Q

What is the classification of Lactated Ringers?

A

Isotonic Crystalloid Solution

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37
Q

What is the classification of nitroglycerin?

A

Vasodilator

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38
Q

What is the contra/ cautions of Aspirin?

A

Pediatrics, Caution with patients who take blood thinners/ Active ulcers or asthma.

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39
Q

What is the indication for .9% sodium chloride?

A

Traumatic shock and Non traumatic shock

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40
Q

What is the indication for Aspirin?

A

ACS, new onset chest pain, mild to moderate fever and pain.

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41
Q

What is the indication for Lactated Ringers?

A

Hypovolemic Shock, IV maintenance

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42
Q

What is the indication for Nitroglycerin?

A

Acute chest pain, hypertension, CHF and Pulmonary edema

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43
Q

What is the indication of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Cardiac arrest and Neonatal resuscitation when HR less than 60.

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44
Q

What is the onset and duration of Atropine?

A

Onset: Rapid (<1min) Duration: 2-6 hours

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45
Q

What is the onset and duration of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

1-2 min IV/IO and 5-10 mins IM. Duration is 5-10 min

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46
Q

What is the onset and duration of Nitroglycerin?

A

Onset 1-3 minutes Duration 30-60 minutes

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47
Q

What is the onset/ duration of .9% sodium chloride?

A

Immediate and effects cease after infusion

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48
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Amiodarone?

A

Onset: Immediate (< 1 second) Duration: Variable but considered 30-45 days.

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49
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Aspirin?

A

Onset 15-30 min, Duration 4-6 hours

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50
Q

What is the pediatric dose of .9% sodium chloride?

A

20 ml/kg (max 60 ml/kg) call OLMC for further dosing.

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51
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Atropine?

A

Unstable bradycardia: .02 mg/kg may repeat onece (max single dose 0.5 mg minimum dose 0.1 mg) Organophosphate/ Nerve agent: start at .02mg/kg see department protocols.

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52
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

For cardiac arrest .01 mg/kg For neonatal resuscitation .01-.03 mg/kg

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53
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Lactated Ringers?

A

20 ml/kg (max of 60 ML/kg call OLMC for further dosing)

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54
Q

What is the route for .9% sodium chloride?

A

IV/ IO

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55
Q

What is the route of Nitroglycerin?

A

Sublingual may be repeated every 5 minutes.

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56
Q

What is the route/ administration of Aspirin?’

A

Oral preferably chewed

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57
Q

What is the route/ administration of Atropine?

A

IV/IO/IM

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58
Q

What is the route/ administration of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

IV/ IO may be repeated every 3-5 min.

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59
Q

What is the route/ administration of lactated ringers?

A

IV and IO

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60
Q

What is the trade name of Aspirin?

A

ASA, Bayer

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61
Q

What is the Trade name of Epinephrine 1-10,000?

A

Adrenalin

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62
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Amiodarone?

A

Sinus bradycardia, heart blocks.

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63
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Amiodarone?

A

Loss of coordination, numbess or tingling, liver and lung problems.

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64
Q

What is the route and administration of Amiodarone?

A

V-Fib, Pulseless V-Tach: IV/IO Stable wide complex tachycardia:IV/IO push over 10 min. Pediatric push over 20-60 min call OLMC before admin. ROSC: IV drip only if amiodrone bolus was used previously.

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65
Q

What is the adult dose of Amiodarone?

A

V-Fib, Pulseless V-Tach: 300 mg 150 mg Stable wide complex tachycardia: 150 mg repeated once. ROSC: 1 mg/min when using a drip.

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66
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Amiodarone?

A

V-Fib, Pulseless V-Tach: 5 mg/kg may be repeated twice max of 15mg/kg Stable wide complex tachycardia: 5 mg/kg repeated once.

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67
Q

What is the trade name of Lidocaine?

A

Xylocaine

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68
Q

What is the onset and duration of Lidocaine?

A

Onset: 30-90 secs Duration: 10-20 min

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69
Q

What is the classification of Lidocaine?

A

Antidysrhythmic

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70
Q

What is the action of Lidocaine?

A

Decreases automaticity of cardiac cells.

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71
Q

What is an indication for Lidocaine?

A

Cardiac arrest, stable wide tachycardia Post cardiac arrest Severe cough Conscious IO administration

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72
Q

What is the contra/ cautions of Lidocaine?

A

2nd or 3rd degree heart blocks, bradycardia, stokes-adams syndrome.

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73
Q

What are the side/adverse effects of Lidocaine?

A

Respiratory arrest, dysrhythmias

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74
Q

What is the Route/ Administration of Lidocaine?

A

IV/IO may repeat every 3-5 minutes, Conscious IO admin: Slow push

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75
Q

What is the Adult dose of Lidocaine?

A

Cardiac arrest, stable wide tachycardia: 1.0-1.5 mg/kg Post cardiac arrest: 2-4 mg/ min Severe cough: 40-60 mg added to nebulizer Conscious IO administration: 20-50 mg

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76
Q

What is the Pediatric dose of Ldiocaine?

A

Cardiac arrest, stable wide tachycardia: 1 mg/kg (max 3 mg/kg), Conscious IO administration .5 mg/kg

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77
Q

What is the trade name of Adenosine?

A

Adenocard

78
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Adenosine?

A

Rapid(>1min), Brief(>1min)

79
Q

What is the classification of Adenosine?

A

Antiarrhythmic

80
Q

By what action does Adenosine work?

A

slows conduction through the AV node.

81
Q

What is are the indications for Adenosine?

A

SVT/ PSVT

82
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Adenosine?

A

2nd or 3rd degree heart block, Drug induced tachycardia.

83
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Adenosine?

A

cardiac arrest, bronchospasm, chest pain, hypotension, SOB.

84
Q

What is the route/ administration of Adenosine?

A

IV/IO rapid push followed by immediate flush may repeat every 3 minutes.

85
Q

What is the adult dose of Adenosine?

A

6 mg 1st dose. 12 mg 2nd dose.

86
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Adenosine?

A

.1mg/kg 1st dose, .2 mg/kg 2nd dose.

87
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Morphine?

A

Onset 1-2 min and Duration 2-7 hours

88
Q

What is the classification of Morphine?

A

Opioid Analgesic

89
Q

By what action does Morphine work?

A

Alleviates pain, decreases myocardial oxygen demand by lowering BP.

90
Q

What is an indication of Morphine?

A

Moderate to severe pain, chest pain.

91
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Morphine?

A

Head Injury, Stroke, depressed respiratory drive, undiagnosed abdominal pain, hypotension, MAOI use within 14 days.

92
Q

What are the side/adverse effects of Morphine?

A

Sedation, CNS depression, syncope.

93
Q

What is the route and administration of Morphine?

A

IV/IO/IM may be given every 10 minutes titrate to effect.

94
Q

What is the adult dose of Morphine?

A

4-10mg (max 20 mg) call OLMC for additional doses.

95
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Morphine?

A

0.1 mg/kg (max 4 mg per dose)

96
Q

What is the trade name of dopamine?

A

Intropin

97
Q

What is the onset and duration of Dopamine?

A

Onset: 2-4 min Duration:2-10 min

98
Q

What is the classification of Dopamine?

A

Sympathomimetic, Vasopressor

99
Q

What is the action of Dopamine?

A

Inotropic and chronotropic effects increase blood pressure.

100
Q

What is an indication to use Dopamine?

A

Hypotension, bradycardia

101
Q

What is a contra/ cautions of Dopamine?

A

Hypovolemic shock, tachydysrhythmias, v-fib

102
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Dopamine?

A

Anxiety, hypertension, chest pain, increased myocardial oxygen demand.

103
Q

What is the route/ administration of Dopamine?

A

IV/ IO titrate to increase blood pressure to 100 systolic, tirate too normal pediatric blood pressure.

104
Q

What is the adult dose of Dopamine?

A

2-20 mcg/kg/min

105
Q

What is the adult dose of Dopamine?

A

2-20 mcg/kg/min

106
Q

What is the Onset and Duration of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Onset: immediate IV and Duration:30 min IV

107
Q

What is the classification of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Electrolyte

108
Q

What is the action of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Reduces striated muscle contractions, induces uterine relaxation.

109
Q

What are the indications of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Seizures of Eclampsia, Torsades de Pointes

110
Q

What are the contra/ Cautions of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Heart blocks, myocardial damage.

111
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

CNS depression, abnormal ECG, vasodilation.

112
Q

What is the route/ administration of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Seizures of Eclampsia: IV/ IO (given 15-30 minutes) IM, Torsades de Pointes: IV, IO given over 2 minutes

113
Q

What is the adult dose of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Seizures of eclampsia: 4g Torsades de Pointes: 1-2 g

114
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

25-50 mg/kg

115
Q

What is the Onset/ Duration of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Onset: 2-10 min Duration 30-60 min

116
Q

What is the classification of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Systemic hydrogen ion buffer

117
Q

What is the action of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Buffers metabolic acidosis

118
Q

What is an indication of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Metabolic acidosis from cardiac arrest. Tricyclic antidepressant overdose Crush injury

119
Q

What are the Cotra/ Cautions of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Metabolic alkalosis, electrolyte imbalance from vomiting

120
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

121
Q

What is the route/ administration of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

IV/IO Heat rate over 120 QRS wider than .1 seconds Administrator normal bolus then hang liter bag with 50 mEq of bicarb

122
Q

What is the adult dose of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Metabolic acidosis from cardiac arrest: 1-2 mEq/ kg Tricyclic antidepressant overdose: 1 mEq/kg Crush injury: 1 mEq/kg

123
Q

What is the Pediatric Dose of Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

1 mEq/ kg call OLMC

124
Q

What is the trade name of Vassopressin?

A

Pitressin

125
Q

What is the onset of Vasopressin?

A

Onset: Immediate Duration: Variable

126
Q

What is the classification of Vasopressin?

A

Vasopressor

127
Q

What is the action of Vasopressin?

A

Stimulation of smooth muscle receptors

128
Q

What is the indication of Vasopressin?

A

Alternative to epinephrine in cardiac arrest

129
Q

What is the Contra/ Caution of Vasopressin?

A

Caution with coronary artery disease, epilepsy or heart failure.

130
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Vasopressin?

A

Chest pain, dysrhythmia

131
Q

What is the Route/ Administration of Vasopressin?

A

IV/ IO replaces 1st or 2nd dose of epinephrine. Given once.

132
Q

What is the adult dose of Vasopressin?

A

40 units

133
Q

What is the trade name of Ondansetron?

A

Zofran

134
Q

What is the onset/ duration of Ondansetron?

A

Onset: 15-30 min Duration: 3-6 hrs

135
Q

What is the classification of Ondansetron?

A

Antiemetic, Serotonin receptor antagonist

136
Q

What is the action of Ondansetron?

A

Blocks action of serotonin causing a decrease in nausea/ vomiting.

137
Q

What is the indication of Ondansetron?

A

Nausea or Vomiting

138
Q

What are the Contra/ Cautions of Ondansetron?

A

Hypersensitivity, GI obstruction, use caution with liver disease

139
Q

What are the Side/ adverse effects of Ondansetron?

A

ECG irregularities (rare), dizziness, headache, hiccups, pruritus, chills.

140
Q

What is the route/ administration of Ondansetron?

A

IV/ IM/ PO

141
Q

What is the Adult dose of Ondansetron?

A

4-8 mg

142
Q

What is the Pediatric dose of Ondansetron?

A

.1 mg/kg (max 4 mg)

143
Q

What are the trade names for Albuterol?

A

Proventil, Ventolin

144
Q

What is the onset and duration of Albuterol?

A

Onset: 5-15min Duration 2-6 hours.

145
Q

What is the classification of Albuterol?

A

Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, beta 2 agonist

146
Q

By what action does Albuterol work?

A

Relaxes the bronchial muscles and peripheral vasculature.

147
Q

What are the indications for Albuterol?

A

Asthma exacerbation, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, allergic reaction.

148
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Albuterol?

A

Tachycardia, Synergistic with other Sympathomimetics

149
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Albuterol?

A

Palpitations, chest pain, tachycardia, hypertension, tremors.

150
Q

What is the route and administration of Albuterol?

A

Inhalation, the medication is nebulized, may be repeated every 10 minutes.

151
Q

What is the Adult dose of Albuterol?

A

2.5 mg in 3 cc of NS

152
Q

What is the Pediatric dose of Albuterol?

A

Less than 1 year 1.25 mg in 3 cc of NS 1 year + 2.5 mg in 3 cc of NS ,

153
Q

What is the trade name of Epinephrine 1:1000?

A

Adrenalin

154
Q

What is the onset and duration of Epinephrine 1:1000?

A

Onset: 1-2 min IV 5-10 IM. Duration:5-10 min

155
Q

What is the classification of Epinephrine 1:1000?

A

Sympathomimetic

156
Q

What is the action of Epinephrine 1:000?

A

Vasoconstriction, Positive inotropic, chronotropic and dromotropic effects.

157
Q

What is the indication of use for Epinephrine 1:1000?

A

Severe Hypotension, Anaphylaxis, Strider

158
Q

What is the Contra/ Cautions of Epinephrine 1:1000?

A

Hypertension, Hypothermia

159
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Epinephrine 1:000?

A

Tachycardia, hypertension, chest pain.

160
Q

What are the Routes and administration of Epinephrine 1:1000?

A

Severe Hypotension: IV/IO drip Anaphylaxis:.IM every 5 min max 1.2 mg Strider: Nebulized

161
Q

What are the Adult doses of Epinephrine 1:1000?

A

Severe hypotension: 2-10 mcg/ min Anaphylaxis: 0.3-0.5 mg Strider: 2ml with 3ml normal saline

162
Q

What is the Pediatric dose of Epinephrine 1:1000?

A

Severe hypotension: 0.1-2mcg/kg/min Anaphylaxis: 0.01 mg/kg Strider: 2 mg with 3 ml Normal saline

163
Q

What is the trade name of Furosemide?

A

Lasix

164
Q

What is the onset and duration of Furosemide?

A

Onset: 15-20 min IV Duration: 2 hrs

165
Q

What is the classification of Furosemide?

A

Loop Diuretic

166
Q

What is the Action of Furosemide?

A

Increases Urine Output

167
Q

What are the indications for Furosemide?

A

CHF, Pulmonary edema, hypertensive crisis

168
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Furosemide?

A

Hypovolemia, anuria, hypotension, pregnancy

169
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Furosemide?

A

ECG changes, hypotension

170
Q

What is the route/ administration of Furosemide?

A

IV/IO

171
Q

What is the adult dose of Furosemide?

A

40 mg (max of 80 mg) or twice the amount of pt prescribed dose max (120 mg)

172
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Furosemide?

A

Call OLMC

173
Q

What is the trade name of Naloxone?

A

Narcan

174
Q

What is the onset and duration of Naloxone?

A

Onset: 2min Duration: 30-60 min (not as long as heroin)

175
Q

What is the classification of Naloxone?

A

Opioid antagonist

176
Q

What is the action of Naloxone?

A

Competitive inhibition at narcotic receptor site.

177
Q

What is the indication Naloxone?

A

Opiate overdose

178
Q

What is the contra/ Cautions of Naloxone?

A

Caution with narcotic-dependent patients

179
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Naloxone?

A

Withdrawal symptoms, nausea, vomiting, seizures

180
Q

What is the route and administration of Naloxone?

A

IV/IN/IM/IO may repeat once

181
Q

What is the adult dose of Naloxone?

A

0.4-2.0 mg

182
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Naloxone?

A

0.1 mg/kg

183
Q

What is the trade name of Ipratropium?

A

Atrovent

184
Q

What is the onset and duration of Ipratropium?

A

Onset: 5-15 min Duration:4-6hrs

185
Q

What is the classification of Ipratropium?

A

Anticholinergic, bronchodilator

186
Q

What is the action of Ipratropium?

A

Inhibits interaction of acetylcholine at the receptor sites of bronchial smooth muscle.

187
Q

What is the indication for Ipratropium?

A

Persistent bronchospasm, COPD exacerbation, wheezing.

188
Q

What are the contra/ cautions of Ipratropium?

A

Atropine, alkaloids, allergy to peanuts

189
Q

What are the side/ adverse effects of Ipratropium?

A

Dyspnea, tachycardia, palpitations, MI

190
Q

What is the route and administration of Ipatropium?

A

Nebulized and mixed with the first dose of albuterol.

191
Q

What is the adult dose of Ipatropium?

A

0.5 mg

192
Q

What is the pediatric dose of Ipratropium?

A

5-12 years old 0.125-0.25 mg, 12 years and older 0.25-0.5 mg

Paramedic ALS Guide (11 decks)

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