Downing Circulating Blood Flashcards
5 cells found in circulating blood:
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
“dust” or hemoconia
Chylomicrons
Intercellular makeup of circulating blood:
Water: ___%
Proteins: ____%
Salts: ____%
Organic compounds: ____%
90% water
7% proteins
- 9% salts
- 1% organic compounds
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
Plasma has fibrinogen for clotting, serum does not
Cells with:
life span of 120-130 days
500-1000 times more numerous than leukocytes
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Cytoskeleton proteins of erythrocytes:
spectrin, ankyrin, actin
***create biconcave disk shape
Two energy pathways of erythrocytes:
anaerobic glycolysis and pentose phosphate shunt pathways
***no nucleus and most other organelles are gone
-65% water and 34% hemoglobin
Function of RBCs:
transport of O2 and CO2
Universal acceptor blood type?
AB
***no antibodies present
Universal donor blood type:
O
***both A and B antibodies present, can only receive type O
Blood group A has antibodies for?
type B
Blood group B has antibodies for?
type A
Function of platelets?
clotting
Platelets are derived from?
megakaryocytes
Three types of granulocytes?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Two types of agranulocytes?
lymphocytes (become B and T cells)
monocytes (become macrophages and dendrites)
***active in tissue
How do leukocytes (neuts, eosins, basos, lymphos, monos) get from blood to tissue?
diapedesis
Leukocyte that accounts for 50-70% of differential count?
neutrophils
- multi-lobed nucleus
- specific granules
Neutrophil granules that are lysosomes?
-contain lysosomal enzymes and myeloperoxidase
Azurophilic (primary)–20%
Neutrophil granules containing alkaline phosphatase
- hydrolases active at neutral or alkaline pH
- bactericidal substances: lysozyme and lactoferrin
Neutrophilic (specific) –80%
Neutrophil granules containing:
- gelatinase
- glycoproteins destined for cell membrane
- contents aid cell in phagocytic process
Tertiary granules
First line of cellular defense; for pus when they die:
neutrophils
2 killing mechanisms of neutrophils:
enzymatic
formation of reactive oxygen compounds
Two components of the crystalline substructure of eosinophils:
major basic protein
eosinophilic cationic protein
Cells that combat parasites (protozoans, hellminths):
Eosinophils (contents of specific granules)
Azurophilic granules have:
lysozyme–hydrolytic enzymes and peroxidase
-destruction of parasitic worms
-hydrolysis of antigen-antibody complexes
When would you see a rise in eosinophils in the differential?
allergic reaction, inflammatory reaction, parasitic worm invasion
Large specific granules of basophils contain?
histamine, heparin, eosinophilic chemotactic factor, neutrophil chemotactic facor, peroxidase
*note-also have Azurophilic granules: lysozymes
Normally very low (0.5% of differential), when would you see an increase in basophils?
some leukemias
chicken pox (and small pox)
sinus inflammation
Functions of basophils?
initiating allergic and inflammatory response (similar to mast cells)
Fc receptors for Fc fragments of IgE
release histamine
produce leukotrienes–similar effects to histamine but slower and more persistent
Former lymphocytes that go on to become plasma or memory cells:
B cells!
Who needs to get educated in the thymus?
T cells!
**
What’s a null cell?
Lymphocyte other than T or B
ex: NK (natural killer) cells
What does a significant number of granulocytes present in the lymph indicate?
Pathology!
What is the relationship between lymph and oxygen and carbonic acid?
lymph carries carbonic acid but little O2
