Downing Circulating Blood

Question 1

5 cells found in circulating blood:

Answer 1

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Platelets

“dust” or hemoconia

Chylomicrons

Question 2

Intercellular makeup of circulating blood:

Water: ___%

Proteins: ____%

Salts: ____%

Organic compounds: ____%

Answer 2

90% water

7% proteins

0. 9% salts
1. 1% organic compounds

Question 3

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

Answer 3

Plasma has fibrinogen for clotting, serum does not

Question 4

Cells with:

life span of 120-130 days

500-1000 times more numerous than leukocytes

Answer 4

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 5

Cytoskeleton proteins of erythrocytes:

Answer 5

spectrin, ankyrin, actin

***create biconcave disk shape

Question 6

Two energy pathways of erythrocytes:

Answer 6

anaerobic glycolysis and pentose phosphate shunt pathways

***no nucleus and most other organelles are gone

-65% water and 34% hemoglobin

Question 7

Function of RBCs:

Answer 7

transport of O2 and CO2

Question 8

Universal acceptor blood type?

Answer 8

AB

***no antibodies present

Question 9

Universal donor blood type:

Answer 9

O

***both A and B antibodies present, can only receive type O

Question 10

Blood group A has antibodies for?

Answer 10

type B

Question 11

Blood group B has antibodies for?

Answer 11

type A

Question 12

Function of platelets?

Answer 12

clotting

Question 13

Platelets are derived from?

Answer 13

megakaryocytes

Question 14

Three types of granulocytes?

Answer 14

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Question 15

Two types of agranulocytes?

Answer 15

lymphocytes (become B and T cells)

monocytes (become macrophages and dendrites)

***active in tissue

Question 16

How do leukocytes (neuts, eosins, basos, lymphos, monos) get from blood to tissue?

Answer 16

diapedesis

Question 17

Leukocyte that accounts for 50-70% of differential count?

Answer 17

neutrophils

• multi-lobed nucleus
• specific granules

Question 18

Neutrophil granules that are lysosomes?

-contain lysosomal enzymes and myeloperoxidase

Answer 18

Azurophilic (primary)–20%

Question 19

Neutrophil granules containing alkaline phosphatase

• hydrolases active at neutral or alkaline pH
• bactericidal substances: lysozyme and lactoferrin

Answer 19

Neutrophilic (specific) –80%

Question 20

Neutrophil granules containing:

• gelatinase
• glycoproteins destined for cell membrane
• contents aid cell in phagocytic process

Answer 20

Tertiary granules

Question 21

First line of cellular defense; for pus when they die:

Answer 21

neutrophils

Question 22

2 killing mechanisms of neutrophils:

Answer 22

enzymatic

formation of reactive oxygen compounds

Question 23

Two components of the crystalline substructure of eosinophils:

Answer 23

major basic protein

eosinophilic cationic protein

Question 24

Cells that combat parasites (protozoans, hellminths):

Answer 24

Eosinophils (contents of specific granules)

Azurophilic granules have:
lysozyme–hydrolytic enzymes and peroxidase
-destruction of parasitic worms
-hydrolysis of antigen-antibody complexes

Question 25

When would you see a rise in eosinophils in the differential?

Answer 25

allergic reaction, inflammatory reaction, parasitic worm invasion

Question 26

Large specific granules of basophils contain?

Answer 26

histamine, heparin, eosinophilic chemotactic factor, neutrophil chemotactic facor, peroxidase

*note-also have Azurophilic granules: lysozymes

Question 27

Normally very low (0.5% of differential), when would you see an increase in basophils?

Answer 27

some leukemias

chicken pox (and small pox)

sinus inflammation

Question 28

Functions of basophils?

Answer 28

initiating allergic and inflammatory response (similar to mast cells)

Fc receptors for Fc fragments of IgE

release histamine

produce leukotrienes–similar effects to histamine but slower and more persistent

Question 29

Former lymphocytes that go on to become plasma or memory cells:

Answer 29

B cells!

Question 30

Who needs to get educated in the thymus?

Answer 30

T cells!

**

Question 31

What’s a null cell?

Answer 31

Lymphocyte other than T or B

ex: NK (natural killer) cells

Question 32

What does a significant number of granulocytes present in the lymph indicate?

Answer 32

Pathology!

Question 33

What is the relationship between lymph and oxygen and carbonic acid?

Answer 33

lymph carries carbonic acid but little O2