Diebel Intro to Immuno Review Qs

Question 1

PAMP

Answer 1

-Pathogen associated molecular pattern

• common foreign invaders not for in host
  
  • ie. bacterial cell wall components

-recognized by innate immune response

Question 2

TLR

Answer 2

• Toll-like Receptor

- a family of PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)

Question 3

MHC II

Answer 3

Presents foreign antigen on surface of cells to mark them for destruction

Question 4

CD3

Answer 4

Cluster of Designation for general T-cells

Question 5

CD4

Answer 5

CD for Helper T-cells

MHC II

Question 6

CD8

Answer 6

CD for Cytotoxic T-Cells

MHC I

Question 7

IL-3

Answer 7

(ALONE)-Pluripotent stem cells—> lymphoid progenitor cells (B and T cells, Adaptive system)

(with GM-CSF)-Pluripotent stem cells —> myeloid progenitor cells (Innate system)

Question 8

GM-CSF

Answer 8

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor

-along with IL-3 induces pluripotent stem cells to myeloid lineage

Question 9

What is a cytokine and what are the six major categories of cytokines?

Answer 9

Secreted molecules involved in cell to cell signalling.

1. Interferons (IFNs)- limit spread of viral infx
2. Interlukins (ILs)- variety of functions including causing neighboring cells to differentiate
3. Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs)- differentiation of bone marrow stem cells and precursors of blood leukocytes
4. Chemokines- direct movement of leukocytes around body
5. Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNFs)- mediate inflammation and cytotoxic reactions
6. Transforming Growth Factors (TGFs)- regulate cell division and tissue repair

Question 10

Why is it necessary to have a mechanism to transport antigen fragments to the host cell surface in order for T cells to recognize infected cells?

Answer 10

To link innate and adaptive immune responses.

Question 11

Many evolutionary related proteins have conserved amino acid sequences. What consequences might this have in terms of the antigenicity of these proteins?

Answer 11

Possibly marked for destruction?

Question 12

What advantage could there be in having an immune system that generates billions of lymphocytes that do not recognize any known infectious agent?

Answer 12

can adapt to new antigens?

Question 13

In what special way do macrophages recognize microbes that have been coated with an antibody? What is that process called?

Answer 13

Complement system

opsonization