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IHO week 1 > Diebel Intro to Immunology > Flashcards

Diebel Intro to Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Immunity that is:

  • noninducible
  • mediated by phagocytosis
  • not dependent on previous exposure to pathogen
  • recognizes PAMPs
A

Innate Immunity

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2
Q

Major cell types in innate immunity (4):

A

Dendrites

Macrophages

Neutrophils

Mast Cells

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3
Q

Three types of “professional” APCs (antigen presenting cells):

A

Dendrites and macrophages (innate)

B cells (acquired)

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4
Q

First cells to react to pathogens?

A

Resident macrophages

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5
Q

First cells to respond to distress signals from resident macrophages?

A

Neutrophils

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6
Q

Innate immune cell components that recognize PAMPs:

A

PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)

ie. TLRs (toll like receptors)

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7
Q

SPONTANEOUS activation of compliment system by microorganisms: __________ pathway.

A

alternative

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8
Q

activation of complement system by ANTIBODIES or MANNOSE binding lectin: _________ pathway.

A

classical

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9
Q

PRR that recognizes dsRNA?

A

TLR3

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10
Q

What is IRF3?

A

a transcription factor phosphorylated after TLR3 binds dsRNA–moves to nucleus to combine with NFkB to trigger production of IFN-beta

**IFN-beta-very potent anti-viral responder

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11
Q

What is NFkB?

A

“The mother of all immune system transcription factors”

  • released to nucleus after disinhibition by phosphorylation of IkB following TLR3 binding dsRNA
  • combines with IRF3–> upregulation of IFN-beta (potent anti-viral response)
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12
Q

Secreted molecules involved in cell-cell signaling:

A

cytokines

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13
Q

large family of cytokines that “direct traffic” of immune cells:

A

chemokines

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14
Q

cytokines that limit the spread of certain viral infx?

A

interferons

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15
Q

Type 1 interferons:

What are they?

What produces them?

A

IFNa and IFNB–produced by cells that have been infected with a virus

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16
Q

Type 2 interferons:

Name one:

What is it released by?

A

IFN-gama–released by T (H1) cells

17
Q

Large group of cytokines produced mainly by T cells (also macrophages, dendrites, epithilial cells, etc.)

-functions include causing neighboring cells to divide and differentiate

A

Interleukins

18
Q

Primary function of these is directing the division and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells and precursors of blood leukocytes–controls how many and what kind of leukocyte is produced:

A

Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs)

19
Q

Plays a role in mediating inflammation and cytotoxic reactions:

A

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFs)

20
Q

Important in regulating cell division and tissue repair:

A

Transforming Growth Factors (TGFs)

21
Q

Molecule used by APCs to display antigen proteins to initiate acquired immune response:

A

MHC II

22
Q

Can only be triggered by a unique antigen on a pathogen

  • has memory
  • second response is stronger and faster than first
A

Adaptive immunity

23
Q

Major cell types of adaptive immunity (3):

A

T cells

B cells

Plasma cells (from B cells)

24
Q

Epitope?

A

highly specific part of an antigen recognized by antibodies of the adaptive immune system

25
Q

Epitope?

A

highly specific part of an antigen recognized by antibodies of the adaptive immune system

26
Q

“V” shaped end of antibody specific for antigen epitope:

A

Fab region

27
Q

Portion of an antibody that binds to a phagocyte connecting pathogen and phagocyte:

A

Fc (constant) region

28
Q

Part of phagocyte (mac’s, dend’s, neut’s) that binds with Fc of antibody?

A

Fc receptor

29
Q

development of natural immunity by acquiring an infx:

A

active immunity

30
Q

acquisition of preformed antibodies (ie. newborns with maternal antibodies for a few months after birth):

A

passive immunity

31
Q

Cytokines for myeloid progenitor cells (future RBC’s and innate immune cells):

A

GM-CSF

IL-3

32
Q

Cytokines for lymphoid progenitor cells (future adaptive immune cells):

A

IL-3

33
Q

Classification for cell surface molecules:

A

cluster of differentiation (CD molecules)

ex. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+

34
Q

CD3+ cell type?

A

T cells

35
Q

CD4+ cell type?

A

Helper T cell (MHC II binder)

36
Q

CD8+ cell type?

A

Cytotoxic T cell (MHC I binder?)

37
Q

Exception to IL-3, GM-CSF myeloid lineage?

A

IL-5, CSF-Eo promote eosinophil differentiation

IHO week 1 (13 decks)

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