Diebel Intro to Immunology

Question 1

Immunity that is:

• noninducible
• mediated by phagocytosis
• not dependent on previous exposure to pathogen
• recognizes PAMPs

Answer 1

Innate Immunity

Question 2

Major cell types in innate immunity (4):

Answer 2

Dendrites

Macrophages

Neutrophils

Mast Cells

Question 3

Three types of “professional” APCs (antigen presenting cells):

Answer 3

Dendrites and macrophages (innate)

B cells (acquired)

Question 4

First cells to react to pathogens?

Answer 4

Resident macrophages

Question 5

First cells to respond to distress signals from resident macrophages?

Answer 5

Neutrophils

Question 6

Innate immune cell components that recognize PAMPs:

Answer 6

PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)

ie. TLRs (toll like receptors)

Question 7

SPONTANEOUS activation of compliment system by microorganisms: __________ pathway.

Answer 7

alternative

Question 8

activation of complement system by ANTIBODIES or MANNOSE binding lectin: _________ pathway.

Answer 8

classical

Question 9

PRR that recognizes dsRNA?

Answer 9

TLR3

Question 10

What is IRF3?

Answer 10

a transcription factor phosphorylated after TLR3 binds dsRNA–moves to nucleus to combine with NFkB to trigger production of IFN-beta

**IFN-beta-very potent anti-viral responder

Question 11

What is NFkB?

Answer 11

“The mother of all immune system transcription factors”

• released to nucleus after disinhibition by phosphorylation of IkB following TLR3 binding dsRNA
• combines with IRF3–> upregulation of IFN-beta (potent anti-viral response)

Question 12

Secreted molecules involved in cell-cell signaling:

Answer 12

cytokines

Question 13

large family of cytokines that “direct traffic” of immune cells:

Answer 13

chemokines

Question 14

cytokines that limit the spread of certain viral infx?

Answer 14

interferons

Question 15

Type 1 interferons:

What are they?

What produces them?

Answer 15

IFNa and IFNB–produced by cells that have been infected with a virus

Question 16

Type 2 interferons:

Name one:

What is it released by?

Answer 16

IFN-gama–released by T (H1) cells

Question 17

Large group of cytokines produced mainly by T cells (also macrophages, dendrites, epithilial cells, etc.)

-functions include causing neighboring cells to divide and differentiate

Answer 17

Interleukins

Question 18

Primary function of these is directing the division and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells and precursors of blood leukocytes–controls how many and what kind of leukocyte is produced:

Answer 18

Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs)

Question 19

Plays a role in mediating inflammation and cytotoxic reactions:

Answer 19

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFs)

Question 20

Important in regulating cell division and tissue repair:

Answer 20

Transforming Growth Factors (TGFs)

Question 21

Molecule used by APCs to display antigen proteins to initiate acquired immune response:

Answer 21

MHC II

Question 22

Can only be triggered by a unique antigen on a pathogen

• has memory
• second response is stronger and faster than first

Answer 22

Adaptive immunity

Question 23

Major cell types of adaptive immunity (3):

Answer 23

T cells

B cells

Plasma cells (from B cells)

Question 24

Epitope?

Answer 24

highly specific part of an antigen recognized by antibodies of the adaptive immune system

Question 25

Epitope?

Answer 25

highly specific part of an antigen recognized by antibodies of the adaptive immune system

Question 26

"V" shaped end of antibody specific for antigen epitope:

Answer 26

Fab region

Question 27

Portion of an antibody that binds to a phagocyte connecting pathogen and phagocyte:

Answer 27

Fc (constant) region

Question 28

Part of phagocyte (mac's, dend's, neut's) that binds with Fc of antibody?

Answer 28

Fc receptor

Question 29

development of natural immunity by acquiring an infx:

Answer 29

active immunity

Question 30

acquisition of preformed antibodies (ie. newborns with maternal antibodies for a few months after birth):

Answer 30

passive immunity

Question 31

Cytokines for myeloid progenitor cells (future RBC's and innate immune cells):

Answer 31

GM-CSF IL-3

Question 32

Cytokines for lymphoid progenitor cells (future adaptive immune cells):

Answer 32

IL-3

Question 33

Classification for cell surface molecules:

Answer 33

cluster of differentiation (CD molecules) ex. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+

Question 34

CD3+ cell type?

Answer 34

T cells

Question 35

CD4+ cell type?

Answer 35

Helper T cell (MHC II binder)

Question 36

CD8+ cell type?

Answer 36

Cytotoxic T cell (MHC I binder?)

Question 37

Exception to IL-3, GM-CSF myeloid lineage?

Answer 37

IL-5, CSF-Eo promote eosinophil differentiation