DNA - Unit 4

Question 1

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 2

Nucleotides are made of a Phosphate, Deoxyribonucleic Sugar, and a Nitrogen Base.

Question 3

What did Erwin Chargaff come up with?

Answer 3

He came up with Chargaff’s Rules. A=T G=C

Question 4

What is a Phosphodiester Bond?

Answer 4

A Phosphodiester Bond is where the Sugars of one nucleotide is attached to the phosphates of the next.

Question 5

What makes up the backbone of DNA?

Answer 5

Sugar Phosphates

Question 6

What makes up the middle of DNA?

Answer 6

Nucleic bases

Question 7

Where is DNA in a Eukaryotic Cell?

Answer 7

In the Nucleus

Question 8

What kind of bonds are bases held by?

Answer 8

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 9

Are hydrogen bases easy to break. If so, why?

Answer 9

Hydrogen Bonds are easy to break because it needs to be broken for DNA replication.

Question 10

What bonds hold the backbone of DNA?

Answer 10

Covalent Bonds

Question 11

Are Covalent Bonds strong?

Answer 11

Yes Covalent Bonds are strong.

Question 12

When does DNA have to be replicated?

Answer 12

Before a cell divides.

Question 13

What helps with knowing the other half of a DNA strand?

Answer 13

Basic Paring rules. A=T G=C

Question 14

What are the 4 enzymes that help with DNA replication?

Answer 14

Helicase, DNA polymerase, Ligase, and Primase.

Question 15

Where are free nucleotides in a cell?

Answer 15

There are nucleotides floating around in the cell. (A,T,G,C)

Question 16

What is the first step of DNA replication?

Answer 16

Unzip / Unwind DNA

Question 17

Which Enzyme unzips DNA?

Answer 17

Helicase unwinds the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds.

Question 18

What forms after unzipping strands of DNA

Answer 18

A Replication Fork or a Replication Bubble

Question 19

What is the place that Helicase starts to unwind DNA called?

Answer 19

It’s called the “Origin of Replication”

Question 20

Multiple origins of replication helps with ____

Answer 20

Multiple origins of replication helps with speeding up the replication process.

Question 21

What is step 2 in DNA replication?

Answer 21

In the 2nd step DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides.

Question 22

What are the flaws of polymerase?

Answer 22

1. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides if there is an existing nucleotide present.
2. DNA polymerase can only add new bases in one direction of DNA (3’)

Question 23

What does Primase do?

Answer 23

Primase gives DNA polymerase a nucleotide to start with by creating an “RNA primer”

Question 24

What kind of sugar does RNA (Nucleic Acid) have?

Answer 24

Ribose Sugar