Biotechnology - Unit 7 Flashcards
What is DNA technology?
DNA technology is the sequencing, analysis, and cutting-and-pasting of DNA.
Where are restriction enzymes found?
Restriction enzymes are found in bacteria.
What cuts DNA and where does it cut it?
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at restriction sites.
The restriction sites are usually _____
The restriction sites are usually palindromes (read the same way backwards and forwards)
Restriction enzymes cut unevenly which results in _____.
“sticky ends”
The top strand of DNA is not cut at the same place as the bottom strand
What is Gel Electrophoresis?
Separation of DNA fragments according to size, using a gel and electricity.
DNA is ____ charged.
DNA is negatively charged.
What is the gel in Gel Electrophoresis made of?
A “gel” is made out of agarose, a sugar from seaweed.
Negative DNA will move to the ___end of the gel.
Negative DNA will move to the positive end of the gel.
In the gel where do small bands go?
Smaller bands at the bottom
In the gel where do large bands go?
Larger bands at the top
What is PCR?
PCR is a way to make COPIES of specific DNA sequences in a lab
(In vitro means out of a living cell (in the lab)
What does PCR require?
- Target DNA
- Primers (Short sequences of single-stranded DNA to target the area you want)
- Nucleotides
- Polymerase
- Heat (to break hydrogen bonds)
With each PCR cycle, what happens to the DNA segments?
The DNA segments double.
How many cycles of PCR are usually ran? How many copies of DNA is made?
30 cycles are ran.
More than 3 billion copies are made.
