Classification and Phylogeny Flashcards
What is taxonomy?
The science of classifying organisms. It tells us the relation between different organisms.
What are the classifications of Linnaeus’ classification scheme?
Domain (added later) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup)
What is a species name composed of?
It’s genus and and species name
What are the three rules of writing scientific names?
- Typed in italics (underlined when writing)
- Genus is capitalized, species is not
- Genus first then species (ex. Homo sapien)
A domain consists of how many prokaryote and eukaryote groups?
2 prokaryote groups (Bacteria + Archaea) and 1 eukaryote group.
What is Phylogeny?
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species.
What does a Phylogenetic tree show?
The evolutionary relationships of a groups of organisms and show patterns of common decent
What is a taxon?
A taxon is a group. Usually at the ends of a phylogenetic tree; often it will be either a species, or a group like mammals
What are Branches?
The vertical lines on the tree
What are Nodes?
Where the branches split
What are two taxa split from the same node called?
Sister groups. Sister groups are the closest relatives.
What does a Phylogenetic tree NOT show?
A phylogenetic tree does not indicate WHEN species evolved or how much genetic change occurred over time.
Phylogenetic trees are made by grouping organisms by what?
shared characteristics
What is a shared ancestral character?
a character that originated in an ancestor of the group
What is a derived trait?
A trait that shows up new in the group you are looking at
