DNA Struture Lesson Review Flashcards
What is the Full Name of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What are the 3 Main Structures within DNA?
- Deoxyribose Sugar
- Phosphate Group
- Nitrogenous Base
What is the term for the 3 Compounds?
Nucleotide
What is a Nucleotide?
It is a 5-C sugar with a nitrogenous base that’s attached to their 1’ carbon and a phosphate group attached to their 5’ carbon.
What are the Nucleotides held together called to form DNA?
Nucleotides are held together by Phosphodiester Bonds within DNA.
What is the Deoxyribose Sugar compound?
It is the 5-C sugar molecule that lost an ‘O’ from a hydroxyl group on its ‘2’ carbon.
What is the Phosphate Group compound?
It has 4 oxygen atoms that surround a central P atom. It is also found in the Backbone of DNA.
What is the Nitrogenous Base compound?
It is an Alkaline, Cyclic molecule that contains Nitrogen. It is either adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T).
How many Nitrogen Bases are there in total and what are they?
There are 4 in total, this includes Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and lastly Cytosine (C).
What is the Nitrogen Base for Adenine, and Guanine called, and what is their structure?
The Nitrogen Base for Adenine and Guanine is called Purines, they have a double-ring structure.
What is the Nitrogen Base for Thymine and Cytosine called, and what is their structure?
The Nitrogen Base for Thymine and Cytosine is called Pyrimidines, they have a single-ring structure.
What are Complementary Bases held together?
Complementary Bases are held together through Hydrogen Bonds.
What is Anti-parallel?
They are a parallel structure however they run in opposite directions. For ex: the 5’ end of one strand aligns with the 3’ end of the other strand.
How many anti-parallel strands is DNA composed of?
DNA is composed of 2 anti-parallel strands of nucleotides. One strand would runs in 5’ to 3’ direction, while the other would run in 3’ to 5’ direction.
What is the direction the DNA turns in, and how many turns for every 10 Nucleotides?
DNA turns in a Clockwise direction and has to complete 1 full turn for every 10 Nucleotide.
What are some examples of DNA sequences?
- 5’ - ATGCCGTTA - 3’
- 3’ - TACGGCAAT - 5’
