Cell Structure and Cell Membrane Flashcards
What is the Cell Theory?
- All living organisms are made of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic organizational unit of life.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What are the 2 kinds of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cell
- cell membrane, no organelles
- circular DNA
- reproduce asexually by cell division
- genetic variability is introduced via:
1. Mutation
2. Conjugation
Eukaryotic Cells
- membrane bound organelles which are responsible for all biochemical functions of its cell.
- linear DNA
- organisms reproduce sexually by which requires meiosis
- genetic variability is introduced via:
1. Mutation
2. Recombination of DNA that occurs during meiosis
Eukaryotic Structure Features
- The genetic material
- comprised of a phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins separates the cell from surroundings
- cytoplasm (jelly like filling) that consists of everything outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane
The Nucleus Function
Cell nucleus, contains DNA which stores and replicates the genetic information of the cell
What is Nucleoplasm?
It is a thick fluid that fills the nucleus.
What is Nuclear Matrix?
A network of fibres that provide internal structure and support.
What is the Nucleolus?
A denser region containing RNA, protein, and chromatin.
What is the Nuclear Envelope?
It is a double membrane consisting of two phospholipid bilayers.
What is Lumen?
A narrow space between these or two bilayers.
What is Nuclear Pore Complex?
A group of proteins that form openings in the nuclear envelope.
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
A part of a complex of membrane-bound tubules and sacs, has 2 parts Smooth ER and Rough ER.
What is Ribosomes?
A structure composed of RNA and proteins, are responsible for synthesis of polypeptides in the cytosine and on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What is Endomembrane System?
Consists of the nuclear envelope, the Endoplasmic Reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and the Vesicles.
What are the Functions of the Endomembrane System?
- On Surface of Rough ER, polypeptides are produced by bound ribosomes and extrude into the lumen.
- Polypeptide travel through the lumen to the smooth ER, where they’re stored and processed.
- Vesicles from the smooth ER travel across the cell to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus
- Proteins that are ready for transport, pieces of the Golgi apparatus pinch off from the trans face to form vesicles.
What is Vesicle?
A membrane enclosed sac used for transport and storage.
What is Golgi Apparatus?
A stack of curved membrane sacs that packages, processes, sorts, and distributes proteins, lipids and other substances within the cell.
What is Lysosome?
A membrane-bound vesicle containing enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis reactions, breaking down macromolecules.
What is Pectins?
Are you non-cellulose structural polysaccharides found in cell walls.
What is peroxisomes?
A membrane-enclosed sacs containing enzymes.
What is Oxidases?
A enzyme that catalyze redox reactions.
What is Vesicle?
It is used to describe membrane-bound sacs used for the transport and storage of substances in the cell.
what is Vacuole?
A large membrane-bound sac in plant cells and some other cells that stores water, ions, macromolecules, sugars, and amino acids.
