Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What forms during Substrate-level Phosphorylation?
ATP forms directly in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
What forms during Oxidation Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis)?
ATP forms indirectly through a series of enzyme-catalyzed redox reactions involving oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
What happens during Pyruvate Oxidation?
- CO2 gets removed.
- NAD+ gets reduced to NADH and the 2-carbon compound becomes acetic acid.
- Coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to acetic acid to form acetyl-CoA.
What is the ETC (Electron Transport Chain)?
- It’s a series of electron acceptors (proteins) are embedded in the cristae.
- These proteins are arranged in order of increasing electronegativity.
- The weakest attractor of electrons is at the start of the chain and the strongest is at the end.
What happens when ETC accepts and donates electrons?
The protein complexes are alternately reduced and oxidized.
How is the Electrochemical Gradient created?
- The electrons would pass from one molecule to the next, it occupies a more stable position.
- The free energy released is used to pump protons (H+) to the intermembrane space.
What conditions are needed for energy to get passed through?
Conditions must be aerobic because oxygen acts as the final electron and H+ acceptor.
What is Phosphofructokinase or PFK and what does it do?
It is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the third reation in glycosis and is inhibited by ATP and stimulated by ADP.
What happens to Glycolysis if citrate gets used up?
The concentration will decrease and the rate of glycolysis will increase.
What does high concentration of NADH indicate?
It indicates that the ETCs are full of electrons and ATP production is high.
How does the production of NADH gets reduced?
NADH allosterically inhibits an enzyme in order to reduce the amound of acetyl-CoA that is shuttled to the Krebs Cycle.
