DNA Recombination, Mutagenesis, Repair Flashcards
Another term for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Reverse Transcriptase
Mixing and matching of genes, producing genetic variability
Genetic Recombination
Unites two DNA molecules that have crossed over
Heteroduplex joint
Cross-strand exchange involving 4 DNA strands shared by 2 helices, where two of the strands are switched
Holliday Junction
Localized changes that can lead to loss or gain of functional phenotypes
Mutations
TRUE/FALSE: loss of function mutations indicate dominant inheritance.
FALSE. Loss of function indicate recessive alleles whereas gain of function mutations indicate the presence of a dominant allele.
Translocation wherein two acentric nonhomologous chromosomes cross over
Reciprocal
Translocation where fragment includes centromere
Pericentric
Unequal genes are present due to mismatch correction; prevented by mismatch proofreading
Gene conversion
A gene or a region of a chromosome is replicated many times over, sometimes yielding pseudochromosomes
Gene amplification
Genetic change involving the loss or gain of entire chromosomes
Aneuploidy; eg. Down Syndrome – trisomy 21 that may be caused by a deletion in another chromosome
Processed genes altered so they contain nonsense codons, unable to produce functional proteins
Pseudogenes
Leads to microsatellite changes and trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases
Replication slippage
Pyrimidine-pyrimidine substitutions
Transition
Purine-pyrimidine substitutions
Transversion
