DNA and Chromosomes Flashcards
What do histones have to do with DNA?
DNA is wrapped around histones into a tight packaging called chromatin.
How does DNA differ to RNA?
RNA contains Uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
RNA is single stranded
The sugar in RNA is Ribose
The sugar in DNA is Deoxyribose
Transcription is different from DNA replication, but how?
In transcription only one of the DNA strands is read - the template strand the other DNA strand is known as the non-template strand.
A single strand of DNA contains 4 bases. What are they?
Thymine, guanine, adenosine and cytosine. (ATCG)
When the single strands of DNA pair up to form a ‘double-helix strand’. Which bases pair up?
A-T and C-G
The three-prime, five-prime orientation of DNA is called a what?
Anti-parallel
How is DNA unwound from the histones?
A enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA.
What are SSB proteins? What do they do?
SSB stands for single-stranded binding. They protect single-stranded DNA after it has been unwound by helicase.
How many cells are there in your body?
Over a trillion
Where is DNA stored?
In the nucleus of every cell in your body.
Every somatic cell of a human, has how many chromosomes?
46
What two cell types are multicellular organisms made up of?
Germ cells and somatic cells
How many chromosomes in a somatic and germ cells?
Somatic - 46
Germ - 23
What is a zygote?
A combination of one haploid, female-gamete and one haploid, male- gamete. It is a diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes.
What are autosomes?
In a diploid cell there 2 amounts of 23 chromosomes. 22 are non-sex chromosomes known as autosomes.
