Cell Structure Flashcards
What is the Mitochondria?
The Mitochondria, is a membrane-bound organelle found in the majority of eukaryotic cells (plastids in plant cells) and in which aerobic respiration is carried out ( TCA cycle and respiratory electron transport) releasing large amounts of ATP.
How do plant cells and animal cells differ?
Plants have:
Plastids (chloroplasts) instead of mitochondria
Cell walls (animals cells have no cell wall) formed of cellulose
Rectangular shape; animal cells are round
One large vacuole taking up 99% of cell volume; animal cells have one or more small vacuoles
Plant cells do not have lysosomes where as animal cells do.
Name all of the organelles within an animal cell.
Nucleus Ribosome Vesicle Vacuole Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Centrosomes Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Cytosol Cytoskeleton Cell Membrane Lysosomes
Name all the organelles within a plant cell.
Nucleus Ribosome Vesicle Vacuole Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Centrosomes (some cases MTOCs) Plastids Golgi Apparatus Cytosol Cytoskeleton Cell Membrane and a cell wall
What are the three main types of tissue?
Ground Tissue
Vascular Tissue
Dermal Tissue
What are the ground cells of a plant otherwise known as? And what is their purpose?
Parenchyma cells and they form the bulk of stems, roots and leaves - the basic structural element, this is where most of the photosynthesis happens.
What is the vascular system of plants made up of?
Xylem and phloem.
Xylem and Phloem make up the vascular tissue of plants, but what is their use?
Xylem transports water and ions from the roots, and moves it around the plant.
Phloem transports the products of photosynthesis around the plant.
They’re the ‘pumps’ of the vascular system, they provide the plant with its H20, ions, energy and food.
What is the Dermal tissue of a plant otherwise known as?
Epidermis.
Describe the main function, of he epidermal cells.
Epidermal cells are one cell thick, they cover the complete exterior of the plant and contain stomata.
What is the job of the stomata?
The stomata open and close, releasing oxygen and taking in carbon dioxide. Water is also released, to ensure continuing transportation of minerals by the xylem.
What is the function of the eukaryotic cell surface?
Protection, absorption of nutrients, secretion of signalling molecules, secretion of enzymes, disposal of cellular waste, gas exchange, cell-cell recognition.
What eukaryotic kingdoms have rigid cells?
Plant and fungal cells.
What are animal cells made of?
A phospholipid bi-layer.
What makes up the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments.
