DNA

Question 1

Outline the meaning of DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What does DNA consist of?

Answer 2

Nucleotides in polymers -> Phosphate + 2-deoxyribose + base (covalent bonds)

Question 3

What connects nucleotides together?

Answer 3

Bases:
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Have H bonding

Question 4

What type of reaction is the bonding of phosphates and 2-deoxyribose?

Answer 4

Condensation reaction:
H from Phosphate + O-H from 2-deoxyribose

Question 5

Define Cisplatin

Answer 5

Drug with square planar molecules (90) used to treat cancer (chemo)
cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]

Question 6

Outline how Cisplatin treats cancer

Answer 6

Undergoes ligand substitution
2 :Cl atoms react are replaced with 2 :N atoms from 2 guanine molecules
Prevents DNA replication

Question 7

Outline the side effect of using cisplatin for cancer treatment

Answer 7

Hair loss - binds to healthy cells

Question 8

Outline why transplatin can’t treat cancer

Answer 8

The 2 Cl atoms are on different sides of the molecule - can’t bond with 2 N atoms from guanine

Question 9

How would you draw the bases bonding together?

Answer 9

1. Draw the larger molecule 1st (adenine & guanine) then rotate the other molecule around to fit (cytosine & thymine)
2. Ensure you write all delta +/- for atoms & adjacent atoms