Carboxylic Acids

Question 1

`Outline the functional group of Carboxylic Acids

Answer 1

-COOH

Question 2

Outline how you name Carboxylic Acid compounds

Answer 2

Prefix = carbon chain number (e.g: ethan, propan, etc)
Suffix = -oic acid

Question 3

Outline the 2 ways carboxylic acids can be produced

Answer 3

1. [O] of primary alcohols
2. [O] of aldehydes

Question 4

Outline the conditions for the formation of carboxylic acids

Answer 4

Processes need reflux & excess acidified potassium dichromate

Question 5

Why are Carboxylic Acids soluble in water?

Answer 5

Can form H+ bonds with H2O

Question 6

Why does solubility of carboxylic acids decrease as chain length increases?

Answer 6

-COOH group hydrophilic but C chain hydrophobic
So as length increases, effect of -COOH decreases

Question 7

Why do Carboxylic Acids have high BPTs?

Answer 7

Has strong H+ bonding between molecules

Question 8

Why do carboxylic acids have similar Mr to compounds despite having a much higher BPT?

Answer 8

They have similar VDWs to other compounds

Question 9

Why is the BPT of ethanoic acid > BPT propan-1-ol when both have H+ bonds?

Answer 9

1. Ethanoic Acid -OH more polarised - C=O electron withdrawing
2. Ethanoic acid has 2 H+ bonds between 2 molecules but Propan-1-ol has 1 H+ bond between 2 molecules

Question 10

Why are Carboxylic Acids better H+ donors than Alcohols?

Answer 10

C=O makes O-H bond more polarised so breaks easily -> donates H+

Question 11

Outline the 3 carboxylate salt forming reactions

Answer 11

Acid + Base -> Salt + H2O
Acid + Carbonate -> Salt + H2O + CO2
Acid + Reactive Metal -> Salt + H2

Question 12

Outline the reaction steps of acid + base reactions

Answer 12

OH- ions reacts with H+ of -COOH to form H2O
+ion forms ionic bond with O-

Question 13

Outline the features of ionic bonds

Answer 13

Soluble in H2O
Solid at room temp

Question 14

Outline how you name Salts of acids and bases (suffixes)

Answer 14

-oate
(e.g: Ethanoic acid -> EthanOATE)