Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
Outline the functional group of Carboxylic Acids
-COOH
Outline how you name Carboxylic Acid compounds
Prefix = carbon chain number (e.g: ethan, propan, etc)
Suffix = -oic acid
Outline the 2 ways carboxylic acids can be produced
- [O] of primary alcohols
- [O] of aldehydes
Outline the conditions for the formation of carboxylic acids
Processes need reflux & excess acidified potassium dichromate
Why are Carboxylic Acids soluble in water?
Can form H+ bonds with H2O
Why does solubility of carboxylic acids decrease as chain length increases?
-COOH group hydrophilic but C chain hydrophobic
So as length increases, effect of -COOH decreases
Why do Carboxylic Acids have high BPTs?
Has strong H+ bonding between molecules
Why do carboxylic acids have similar Mr to compounds despite having a much higher BPT?
They have similar VDWs to other compounds
Why is the BPT of ethanoic acid > BPT propan-1-ol when both have H+ bonds?
- Ethanoic Acid -OH more polarised - C=O electron withdrawing
- Ethanoic acid has 2 H+ bonds between 2 molecules but Propan-1-ol has 1 H+ bond between 2 molecules
Why are Carboxylic Acids better H+ donors than Alcohols?
C=O makes O-H bond more polarised so breaks easily -> donates H+
Outline the 3 carboxylate salt forming reactions
Acid + Base -> Salt + H2O
Acid + Carbonate -> Salt + H2O + CO2
Acid + Reactive Metal -> Salt + H2
Outline the reaction steps of acid + base reactions
OH- ions reacts with H+ of -COOH to form H2O
+ion forms ionic bond with O-
Outline the features of ionic bonds
Soluble in H2O
Solid at room temp
Outline how you name Salts of acids and bases (suffixes)
-oate
(e.g: Ethanoic acid -> EthanOATE)
