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BCP 1 > DLM > Flashcards

DLM Flashcards

1
Q

CBC-Hemoglobin

A

12-18g/dL

Indication of oxygen transport capacity of blood

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2
Q

CBC- Hematocrit

A

38-54% Percent of blood composed of erythrocytes- 3x HGB

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3
Q

CBC- MCV

A

Average volume of RBC
Macrocytic- large cells- due to B12 or folic acid deficiency
Microcytic- small cells- due to iron deficiency

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4
Q

CBC- Platelet Count

A 
150,000-450,000
Number of platelets in blood sample.
Thrombocytopenia-
viral illness, warfarin, petechiae
Thrmobocythemia- Risk of DVT, PE- estrogen, smoking, sedentary
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5
Q

CBC- Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH)

A

27-33 picogram

Amount of hemoglobin in 1 RBC- used with MCHC to determine iron deficiency

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6
Q

CBC- Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

A

33-37 g/dL

Hypochromic indicates iron deficiency

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7
Q

CBC- Red cell distribution width

A

Distribution of size of RBCs- wide indicates varied cell sizes- mixed anemia or thalassemia

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8
Q

CBC- White blood cell count

A

500-10,000mm2

Number of leukocytes in volume of blood- order differential to determine types of WBCs

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9
Q

CBC- WBC differential

A

PMNs, Band neutrophils- Acute infection,
lymphocytes- viral infection,
monocytes- chronic infection,
eosinophils- allergy/worms basophils- chronic inflammation.

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10
Q

Normocytic anemia

A

Hgb &Hct-low, MCV- normal

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11
Q

Microcytic anemia

A

Hgb &Hct-low, MCV & MCHC- decreased

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12
Q

Macrocytic anemia

A

Hgb &Hct-low, MCV increased

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13
Q

Polycythemia

A

Hgb & Hct- high

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14
Q

Leukocytosis

A

WBC increased- differential indicates type and reason

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15
Q

Leukopenia

A

WBC decreased- differential leads to reason

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16
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Platelets >400,000- risk of excessive clotting

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17
Q

Thrombopenia

A

Low platelet- risk of uncontrolled bleeding

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18
Q

CBC- left shift

A

Increase in number of band (immature) cells. Indicates infection, leukemia, myeloprolifereative disorders, myelofibrosis, hemorrhage

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19
Q

Fresh whole blood

A

All blood components- Indicated for hemorrhage >25% blood loss, cardiac surgery, emergencies

20
Q

Packed RBC

A

RBCs with small amt plasma and variable leukocytes- indicated to raise hematocrit, increase O2 carrying capacity

21
Q

Leukocyte poor blood

A

Decreased leukocyte levels- to reduce risk of agglutination rxn

22
Q

Frozen packed RBC

A

Stored for 10 years, preserve rare blood types- pts with severe retains to plasma protein

23
Q

Autologus packed RBC

A

Patients own blood stored for future use- elective surgery, stored 35 days before freezing

24
Q

Hemolytic transfusion reaction-

A

Mismatch of ABO blood typing- fever, chills, HA, hypotension. Prevention- hydration & diuresis

25
Q

Anaphylactic reaction

A

IgE mediated response to incompatible blood- shock, vasodilation. T with epi, airway mgmt, steroids

26
Q

Bone marrow biopsy

A

Diagnosis of leukemias- unexplained anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

27
Q

Lymph node biopsy

A

Diagnosis of lymphoma based on cellular morphology

28
Q

Total Iron Binding Capacity

A

Measures iron bound to transferrin- Increased in iron deficiency anemia

29
Q

Serum Ferritin

A

Indirect measure of iron stores- markedly reduced in iron deficiency anemia

30
Q

CBC

A

Low Hgb & Hct- indicates which type and deficiencies. Initial test

31
Q

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

A

Determination of types of hemoglobin present- Id thalassemia

32
Q

MMA

A

Metabolic intermediary of Vit B12- indicates anemia assoc with deficiency

33
Q

Reticulocyte count

A

Immature, nucleated RBCs- high in anemia- can’t complete making the cells

34
Q

Bilirubin

A

Hemoglobin converted into bilirubin- high bilirubin indicates hemolytic anemia

35
Q

Bone marrow biopsy

A

Gold standard- invasive & expensive, only used with unexplained anemia- find errors in RBC factory

36
Q

Prothrombin Time

A

Extrinsic & common pathway- factors II, V, VII & X. Measures time to clot- increased time indicates abnormal. Less useful than INR.

37
Q

INR

A

Ratio of patient PT vs mean normal. More sensitive than PT. Monitor patients on warfarin. Measures extrinsic & common pathway factors

38
Q

aPTT

A

Screening test for deficiency & inhibitors of intrinsic pathway factors (VIII, IX, XI & XII) and common pathway. Report of clotting time, in seconds. Prolongation abnormal- heparin therapy, lupus,

39
Q

Bleeding time

A

Measure of platelet fxn. Not specific or sensitive. Small cuts on forearm and measure bleeding time. Not used

40
Q

D-dimer

A

Rule out thromboembolism. Elevated in VT, but not specific marker as may be elevated in other conditions. Measures fibrin degradation products.

41
Q

Fibrin split products

A

Increase may indicate primary or secondary fibrinolysis. Clot break down

42
Q

Factor assays

A

Determine etiology of prolonged PT or PTT, acquired or hereditary- hemophilias

43
Q

Direct Coombs

A

Detects antibody mediated destruction of RBCs- hemoytic uremic syndrome, Rh hemolytic disease

44
Q

Indirect Coombs

A

Detects presence of antibodies in body prior to transfusion, pregnancy

45
Q

Mixing study

A

Determine if abnormal PT/PTT is due to factor deficiency or antibody inhibitor. Correction of PT/PTT with normal plasma suggest factor deficiency. Failure to correct suggests ab inhibitor.

BCP 1 (13 decks)

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