Anemia

Question 1

Microcytic Anemia Iron deficiency-Eti & Patho

Answer 1

Most common anemia- due to deficiency, blood loss, decreased absorption, menstruation & pregnancy. Decrease in iron

Question 2

Microcytic Anemia Iron deficiency- Sx

Answer 2

Pica-craving for ice chips, lettuce
Skin & mucosal changes- smooth tongue, brittle nails, spooning.
Easy fatiguability, tachycardia, palpitations, tachypnea

Question 3

Microcytic Anemia Iron deficiency- Dx

Answer 3

CBC indicating low MCV & MCH, low serum ferritin values, therapeutic response to iron replacement

Question 4

Microcytic Anemia Iron deficiency- Tx

Answer 4

Ferrous sulfate, treat underlying causes

Question 5

Thalassemia- Eti

Answer 5

Hereditary disorder- reduction of hemoglobin synthesis. SE Asia & China, mediterranean

Question 6

Thalassemia-

Answer 6

Signs & sx of anemia +, genetic risk factors
Minor- microcytic anemia
Major- growth failure, bony deformities, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice

Question 7

Thalassemia- Dx

Answer 7

Minor- Mild hematocrit deficiency, RBC, normal to increased, Mildly abnormal blood smear.
Major- Severe decrease in hematocrit, bizarre peripheral blood smear

Question 8

Thalassemia- Tx

Answer 8

Minor- no tx, DO NOT give iron

Major- Folic acid & transfusion

Question 9

Folic acid deficiency- Eti

Answer 9

Commonly due to inadequate dietary intake- alcoholics, anorexic, nutrition deficit, pregnancy

Question 10

Folic acid deficiency- Sx

Answer 10

Glossitis, GI disturbances

Question 11

Folic acid deficiency- Dx

Answer 11

Megaloblastic anemia with normal Vitamin B 12, low folate level

Question 12

Folic acid deficiency- Tx

Answer 12

Folic acid supplement

Question 13

Anemia of chronic disease- Eti

Answer 13

Elderly, organ failure, inflammation, cancer- often due to reduction of or resistance to erythropoietin and iron sequestration.

Question 14

Anemia of chronic disease- Sx

Answer 14

Normocytic anemia- low hct, iron, high ferritin

Question 15

Anemia of chronic disease- Tx

Answer 15

Treat primary cause of anemia

Question 16

Intrinsic anemia

Answer 16

Caused by hereditary defects- affects components of RBC. Sickle cell, G6PD. paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Question 17

Extrinsic anemia

Answer 17

Caused by destruction of RBC due to infection, meds, leukemia or lymphoma. RBCs are healthy when produced and destroyed by body.