Anemia Flashcards
Microcytic Anemia Iron deficiency-Eti & Patho
Most common anemia- due to deficiency, blood loss, decreased absorption, menstruation & pregnancy. Decrease in iron
Microcytic Anemia Iron deficiency- Sx
Pica-craving for ice chips, lettuce
Skin & mucosal changes- smooth tongue, brittle nails, spooning.
Easy fatiguability, tachycardia, palpitations, tachypnea
Microcytic Anemia Iron deficiency- Dx
CBC indicating low MCV & MCH, low serum ferritin values, therapeutic response to iron replacement
Microcytic Anemia Iron deficiency- Tx
Ferrous sulfate, treat underlying causes
Thalassemia- Eti
Hereditary disorder- reduction of hemoglobin synthesis. SE Asia & China, mediterranean
Thalassemia-
Signs & sx of anemia +, genetic risk factors
Minor- microcytic anemia
Major- growth failure, bony deformities, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice
Thalassemia- Dx
Minor- Mild hematocrit deficiency, RBC, normal to increased, Mildly abnormal blood smear.
Major- Severe decrease in hematocrit, bizarre peripheral blood smear
Thalassemia- Tx
Minor- no tx, DO NOT give iron
Major- Folic acid & transfusion
Folic acid deficiency- Eti
Commonly due to inadequate dietary intake- alcoholics, anorexic, nutrition deficit, pregnancy
Folic acid deficiency- Sx
Glossitis, GI disturbances
Folic acid deficiency- Dx
Megaloblastic anemia with normal Vitamin B 12, low folate level
Folic acid deficiency- Tx
Folic acid supplement
Anemia of chronic disease- Eti
Elderly, organ failure, inflammation, cancer- often due to reduction of or resistance to erythropoietin and iron sequestration.
Anemia of chronic disease- Sx
Normocytic anemia- low hct, iron, high ferritin
Anemia of chronic disease- Tx
Treat primary cause of anemia
Intrinsic anemia
Caused by hereditary defects- affects components of RBC. Sickle cell, G6PD. paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Extrinsic anemia
Caused by destruction of RBC due to infection, meds, leukemia or lymphoma. RBCs are healthy when produced and destroyed by body.
