DLA 8

Question 1

important teratogens?

Answer 1

radiation
Diabetes

certain drugs/ medication

methylmercury

infections: TORCH 
T: toxoplasmosis
O: other 
R: rubella
C: CMV
H: herpes

Question 2

congenital toxoplasmosis
cause?
manage?
baby?

Answer 2

caused by toxoplasma gondii (parasite)

manage:
antenatal screening
treatment reduces risk of transmission

baby:
most are asymptomatic at birth
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, convulsions

Question 3

congenital syphilis
clinical:
management

Answer 3

caused by bacteria
sexual transmitted

clinical:
Stillbirths (hydrops fetalis),

Congenital syphilis: deafness, hydrocephalus, intellectual disability, craniofacial anomalies

Early or late presentation of symptoms

management:
penicillin
screenings

Question 4

Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Answer 4

one of the most common viral infection in fetuses

90% children are asymptomatic at birth

Up to 10-15% develop symptoms later, notably sensorineural hearing loss

Other defects : microcephaly, hydrocephalus,
microphthalmia, intellectual disability

Question 5

herpes complex

Answer 5

virus that leads to cold warts

most infections occur during delivery

manage:
early diagnosis in mother
antiviral treatment

Question 6

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Answer 6

features:
cataract
heart defects
deafness

prophylaxis with vaccine

Question 7

thalidomide drug affect

Answer 7

inhibits FGF, thus limbs do not develop properly and angiogenesis is inhibited

Question 8

tetracycline in pregnancy

Answer 8

lead to defects in tooth development

yellow / gray teeth

Question 9

Isotretinoin (Retinoic acid) in Pregnancy

Answer 9

death

Question 10

anticonvulsive drugs in pregnancy

Answer 10

phenytoin
leads to fetal hydantoin syndrome

valproic acid:
spina bifida

Question 11

warfarin during pregnancy

Answer 11

inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase and can cross the placenta

lead to many symptoms

hypoplastic nose, flat face

Question 12

organic mercury during pregnancy

Answer 12

found in seafood

it is neurotoxin in high concentrations
lead to damage to NS

Question 13

alcohol in pregnancy

Answer 13

Disrupts DNA and protein synthesis
inhibits cell migration
disrupts metabolic pathways and the transfer of nutrients across the placenta

Question 14

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 14

growth deficiency
low IQ
mild to moderate microcephaly 
heart murmur 
facial defects 
small phalanges distally

Question 15

smoking and pregnancy

Answer 15

chronic fetal hypoxia can occur
impaired oxygen delivery to fetus, decreased blood flow to uterine tissue, DNA methylation

defects: 
low birth weight 
preterm delivery 
SIDS
placental defects 
maybe orofacial defects

Question 16

cocaine during pregnancy

Answer 16

severe vasoconstriction in the fetus
low birth weight
probably neurobehavioral disorders
easily stimulated but hard to soothe

Question 17

cannabis during pregnancy

Answer 17

low birth weight

Question 18

maternal diabetes during pregnancy

Answer 18

alters the expression of developmental genes

defects:
large baby 
impaired growth 
pulmonary disease in neonatal period 
heart defects 
metabolic disorders