diuretics and blood volume control Flashcards
how is angiotensin 2 released
juxtaglomerular apparatus releases renin
renin goes to the liver
converts angiotensinogen (cleaves it) into angiotensin 1
then ACE in the lungs converts it to angiotensin 2
why is angiotensin released
signals kindey when it is poorly perfused
2 ways angiotensin works
causes release of aldosterone from adrenal gland
causes ADH release from pituitary
effects of ace inhibitiors
stops angiotensin 2 production
leads to build up of angiotensin 1 = dry cough
reduces ADH and aldosterone
what can also block the angiotensin 2 effect
block angiotensin 2 receptors using ARBs (blockers)
what are teh 2 different types of angiotenisin receptors
AT1-R
AT2-R
what does AT1-R do
vasoconstricts
pro-inflamatory
increases proliferative response
increases oxidative stress
what does AT2-R do
opposite of AT2-R
ace inhibitor example
captoril
what does captopril do
reduces degradation of bradykinin producing dry cough as a side effect
atrial natriuretic peptide why is it released
released from atrial mycocytes in response to atrial stretch
atrial natriuretic peptide what does it do
counteracts renin and angiotensin
increases venus return causing over stretch of atria
this encouraging the kidney to get rid of Na
GFR in normal humans
120 +/- 25 mls/min
ascending limb of loop of henle how is Na reabsorbed
requires Na/K/2cl co transporter
countercurrent mechanism
driven by active removal of Na produces hypertonic conditions in medulla
can be used to make hypertonic urine by regulating water permeability of collecting duct
regulated by ADH
