Diuretics Flashcards
What are diuretics and how do they work?
Help your body get rid of fluid and sodium by releasing more sodium into your urine. Sodium helps reduce water from your blood, reducing the amount of fluid flowing through your veins and arteries. This decreases high blood pressure.
What are loop diuretics?
A powerful diuretic that inhibits the reabsorption of water and sodium from the loop of Henle in the kidneys
What are potassium sparing diuretics?
A generally weak diuretic, they increase urine without the loss of potassium, resulting in decreasing fluid in the body
Common medications for loop diuretics?
- Furosemide
- Thiazides (Chlorothiazide & hydrochlorothiazide)
What medications end in IDE?
Loop diuretics
Common Potassium Sparing medications?
Spironolactone
What is the therapeutic action of loop diuretics?
Promote sodium and water loss by blocking sodium and chloride reabsorption
What is the therapeutic action of potassium sparing diuretics?
Promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention
Indications of diuretics
- Hypertension
- Edema
Contraindications for loop diuretics?
- Hypersensitivity
- Anuria
Anuria
Failure of kidneys to produce urine
Contraindications of potassium sparing diuretics
- Renal failure
- Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia
High potassium levels in the blood
Side effets of loop diuretics
- Dizziness
- Tinnitus
- Muscle cramps
- Weakness
- Headache
Side effects of potassium sparing diuretics
- Nausea/vomiting
- Abdominal discomfort
- Headache
- Drowsiness
- Confusion
Adverse effects of loop diuretics
- Hypokalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypovolemia
- Orthostatic hypotension
Hypokalemia
Low levels of potassium in your blood
Hyponatremia
Low levels of sodium in the blood
Hypovolemia
Low levels of fluid in the body
Adverse effects of potassium sparing diuretics
Hyperkalemia
Nursing interventions for diuretics
- Assess vitals, electrolytes, weight, and urine output
- Assess drug history
- Weigh patient everyday at the same time with the same amount of clothing on
- Observe for signs of hypo/hyperkalemia
Signs of hypokalemia
- Muscle weakness
- Abdominal distention
- Leg cramps
- Cardiac dysrhythmias
Signs of hyperkalemia
- Nausea
- Diahrrea
- Abdominal cramps
- Numbness/tingling of hands & feet
- Leg cramps
- Tachycardia
- Dysrhythmias/cardiac issues
How many pounds of weight lost = what amount of fluid lost?
2.2lbs of weight lost = 1 liter of fluid lost
