Diuretic Drugs

Question 1

Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs)

Answer 1

use for glaucoma, high altitude sickness, before ocular surgery
contra - hyponatremia, hypokalemia, severe renal or hepatic dysfunction - no elimination
AE - photosensitivity & acidosis
Diamox is most common
when combind with digoxin, increase in toxicity may occur

Question 2

Loop diuretics

Answer 2

Lasix best & quickest way to excrete urine
useful with edema
K+ & Na+ depletion
AE: tinnitus & blurred vision & rare but Seven’s Johnson syndrome (looks burned)
Neuro & nephrotoxicity
NSAIDS bad

Question 3

Osmotic Diuretics

Answer 3

Mannitol, glucose
increase GFR above 90 to prevent kidney damage
AE: convulsions, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary congestion
IV only
may crystalize when low temp
use of filter required

Question 4

Potassium Sparing Diuretics

Answer 4

AE: gynecomastia
interactions: Lithum,ACE, K+ supplements, NSAIDs

Question 5

Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 5

no if creatine clearance is less than 30-50mL/min - norm is 125
Metolazone effective til 10mL/min
AE: impotence, photosensitivity

Question 6

Food high in K+

Answer 6

bananas, oranges, apricots, raisins, broccoli, green beans, potatoes, meats,fish, & legumes

Question 7

What can lead to hypokalemia with these drugs?

Answer 7

excessive consumption of licorice