Antibiotics

Question 1

Sulfonamides

Answer 1

Prevent synthesis of folic acid 
"Sulf" 
gram + & - 
bacteriostatic
UTIS & upper respiratory tract infections 

AE - photosensitivity, NVD, steven Johnson syndrome, hepatoxicity,

Take with food
Assess RBC before therapy
2000-3000mL of fluid/24hrs or take oral w/food

Question 2

Beta Lactams

Answer 2

pencillin, monobactum, cephalosporins, carbapanems

Question 3

Pencillin

Answer 3

enter cell wall, bind to protein, synthesis is disrupted
"cillin" except Augmentin and Zosyn
Gram + 
usually safe and well tolerated 
drug allergy ( monitor 30min) 
NVD urticaria, prutius, angioedema
interactions - warfarin, contraceptives, many 
take w/water not juice

Question 4

Cephalosporins

Answer 4

aggressive
“Ceph” Cef”
5 generations
3rd gen is most potent, 5th is broader spectrum of all
Give w/food because of GI upset
and no alcohol -> violent vomiting
*Rocephin long half-life once a day dosing

Question 5

Carbapenems

Answer 5

“penums” penems”
infused over 60min IV
drug induced seizure
reserved for acutely ill hospitalized patients

Question 6

Monobactum

Answer 6

severe cases - UTIs and systemic infections
parental use only
bactericidal

Question 7

Macrolides

Answer 7

“mycin”
prevent protein synthesis
highly protein bound so cause severe interactions with other protein bound drugs
strep infections, syphilis, lyme disease, gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasma
VDN jaundice,
empty stomach

Question 8

Ketolide - Telithromycin (Ketek)

Answer 8

only durg in class
better coverage than macrolides
assocated w/severe liver disease
use is limited

Question 9

Tetracyclines

Answer 9

“cycline”
inhibit protein synthesis - cut off food supply
Bind to calcium, magnesium, alumin so no dairy products and do not give to children under 8 or prego or lactating women because it will discolor and bind to teeth
wide spectrum - kill good & bad bacteria
take w/6-8oz water
photosensitivity - avoid sun tanning beds, prone to sunburn

Question 10

Aminoglycosides

Answer 10

potent - bactericidal - prevent protein synthesis
mostly gram -
no oral med (Poorly absorbed in GI so usually parentally) except neomycin
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxiciy, vestibular impairment

monoitor peak and trough - MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)
serum levels needs to be 8 times higher than MIC

Question 11

Quinolones

Answer 11

"floxacin" not good for prego ladies 
good oral absorb 
alter DNA bacteria 
interactions - antaacids, calcium, iron zinc, mag - need to take 1 hr before or after, Dairy
AE- ruptured tendons, tendonitis

Question 12

Linezolid (Zyvox)

Answer 12

used to treat VRE or VREF

may cause serotonin syndrome if take with SSRIs and tyramine containing foods

Question 13

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Answer 13

treatment of choice for MRSA
oral used for C Diff 
must monitor blood levels 
red man syndrome may occur 
should be infused over 60min otherwise too rapid will cause hypotension