Disturbances of Growth and Differentiation Flashcards
What are the adaptions a cell can make to an injury
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Atrophy:
Shrunken
Hypertrophy:
Larger, more organelles & proteins
Hyperplasia:
More cells
Labile cells such as epithelium and bone marrow
Metaplasia:
One mature cell type replaced with another from the same germ line
Dysplasia:
Disordered, disorganized growth
Causes of atrophy
Decreased nutrient supply
Decreased workload
Disuse denervation
Pressure
Loss of hormonal stimulation
Aging
How do cells shrink
Decrease in protein synthesis
Protein degradation
Organelle degredation
How do cells shrink
Decrease in protein synthesis
Protein degradation
Organelle degradation
What causes hypertrophy
Increase in organelles
Causes of physiologic hyperplasia
Hormonal
Compensatory
TFs that drive proliferation
Causes of pathologic hyperplasia
Excess hormones/GFs
Physical stimulation
TFs that drive proliferation
Viral infections
What areas of the body are prone to metaplasia
Areas where there is a junction/margin between epithelial cell types
