Chronic Inflammation & Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
Professional antigen presenting cells
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
B cells
Main cast of adaptive immunity
T and B cells
Plasma cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Who turns into plasma cells
B cells
Naive CD4 cells turn into…
T-helper cells
Naive CD8 cells turn into…
Cytotoxic t cells
What do T helper cells do (genral)
Help macrophages kill engulfed pathogens
Help B cells produce antibodies
What do cytotoxic t-cells do (general)
Directly kill cells infected with toxin
What happens during recruitment
Activated T and B cells stimulated to divide –> clonal expansion
What do T cells need for recognition
for the antigen to be bound to MHC
What does MHC stand for
Major histocompatibility complex
What cells is MHC - I present on
All of them
Which T cell does MHC - I bind to
CD8 (cytotoxic)
MHC - I presents antigen from……….the cell
inside
Which T cells does MHC - II bind to
CD4 (helper)
MHC - II presents antigen taken from………..the cell
outside
What cells is MHC - II present on
Antigen-presenting cells
Biggest difference between B and T cells in terms of recognition
T cells need antigens presented, B cells do not
Recognition - B cells
B cell receptor binds antigen
B cell internalizes antigen and breaks it down
Breakdown products bind to MHC II
MHC presents products on surface of B cell
T helper cell recognizes MHC + antigen activates B cell
Activated B cell secretes antibodies
Removal - T helper cells
Stay in LNs to activate B cells
Leave LNs to activate macrophages
Removal - cytotoxic T cells
Leave LNS and kill pathogen infected cells
removal - B cells
Antibodies!
Neutralization
Opsonization
Lysis
Cytotoxicity
Phagocytosis
Inflammation
What are memory cells
Some activated T and B cells become long-lived memory cells instead of dying off
Vaccinations
What are the hallmarks of chronic inflammation
mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells)
Tissue destruction
Attempts at healing
Fibrosis
Angiogenesis
Gross morphology of chronic inflammation
Chronic exudate (thick, chunky)
Evidence of healing (fibrosis)
Fibrin:
Cleaved fibrinogen
Stringey, gooey, thin, friable
Yellow, reddish
Acute
Fibrosis:
Collagen secreted by fibroblasts
Firm, heard to break down
Chronic
Differences between abscess and granuloma
Abscess: localized neutrophils
Granuloma: solid mass of epithelial macrophages
Abscess: central liquid region of necrotic cells
Granuloma: May include multinucleate cells
