Chronic Inflammation & Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Professional antigen presenting cells

A

Macrophages
Dendritic cells
B cells

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2
Q

Main cast of adaptive immunity

A

T and B cells
Plasma cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages

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3
Q

Who turns into plasma cells

A

B cells

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4
Q

Naive CD4 cells turn into…

A

T-helper cells

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5
Q

Naive CD8 cells turn into…

A

Cytotoxic t cells

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6
Q

What do T helper cells do (genral)

A

Help macrophages kill engulfed pathogens
Help B cells produce antibodies

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7
Q

What do cytotoxic t-cells do (general)

A

Directly kill cells infected with toxin

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8
Q

What happens during recruitment

A

Activated T and B cells stimulated to divide –> clonal expansion

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9
Q

What do T cells need for recognition

A

for the antigen to be bound to MHC

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10
Q

What does MHC stand for

A

Major histocompatibility complex

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11
Q

What cells is MHC - I present on

A

All of them

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12
Q

Which T cell does MHC - I bind to

A

CD8 (cytotoxic)

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13
Q

MHC - I presents antigen from……….the cell

A

inside

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14
Q

Which T cells does MHC - II bind to

A

CD4 (helper)

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15
Q

MHC - II presents antigen taken from………..the cell

A

outside

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16
Q

What cells is MHC - II present on

A

Antigen-presenting cells

17
Q

Biggest difference between B and T cells in terms of recognition

A

T cells need antigens presented, B cells do not

18
Q

Recognition - B cells

A

B cell receptor binds antigen
B cell internalizes antigen and breaks it down
Breakdown products bind to MHC II
MHC presents products on surface of B cell
T helper cell recognizes MHC + antigen activates B cell
Activated B cell secretes antibodies

19
Q

Removal - T helper cells

A

Stay in LNs to activate B cells
Leave LNs to activate macrophages

20
Q

Removal - cytotoxic T cells

A

Leave LNS and kill pathogen infected cells

21
Q

removal - B cells

A

Antibodies!
Neutralization
Opsonization
Lysis
Cytotoxicity
Phagocytosis
Inflammation

22
Q

What are memory cells

A

Some activated T and B cells become long-lived memory cells instead of dying off
Vaccinations

23
Q

What are the hallmarks of chronic inflammation

A

mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells)
Tissue destruction
Attempts at healing
Fibrosis
Angiogenesis

24
Q

Gross morphology of chronic inflammation

A

Chronic exudate (thick, chunky)
Evidence of healing (fibrosis)

25
Q

Fibrin:

A

Cleaved fibrinogen
Stringey, gooey, thin, friable
Yellow, reddish
Acute

26
Q

Fibrosis:

A

Collagen secreted by fibroblasts
Firm, heard to break down
Chronic

27
Q

Differences between abscess and granuloma

A

Abscess: localized neutrophils
Granuloma: solid mass of epithelial macrophages

Abscess: central liquid region of necrotic cells
Granuloma: May include multinucleate cells