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General Pathology > Coagulation > Flashcards

Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is physiological hemostasis

A

Repair of everyday wear and tear, happening all the time

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2
Q

What is pathological hemostasis

A

-Clotting in the absence of hemorrhage
-Excessive clotting
-Clotting in the wrong location

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3
Q

What are the basic components that maintain hemostasis

A

Vessels
Platelets
Coagulation factors
Inhibitors

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4
Q

What are the steps of hemostasis

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet Activation
Coagulation cascade
Antithrombotic control

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5
Q

Vasoconstriction -

A

VERY fast, neurogenic
Vessel spasm

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6
Q

What are platelets filled with

A

Alpha and dense granules

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7
Q

What is in alpha granules

A

Adhesion molecules and GFs

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8
Q

What is in dense granules

A

Activators, cofactors, some GFs

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9
Q

What important things live under the endothelial layer of the vessel

A

von Willebrand factor
collagen

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10
Q

Who produces vWF

A

Endothelial cells, platelets, megakaryocytes

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11
Q

Where is vWF stored

A

Weibel palade bodies

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12
Q

What does vWF bind to

A

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on the platelet

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13
Q

What are the steps involved in making the platelet plug

A

Adhesion
Shape change
Secretion
Aggregation

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14
Q

What happens during adhesion

A

Platelets bump into exposed vWF –> weak attachments
Roll along vessel wall and encounter collagen –>
Integrin forms stronger attachments

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15
Q

What happens during shape change

A

Collagen and thrombin (and platelet-activating factor and ADP) activate platelets
Platelets change shape
More stable plug is formed

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16
Q

What happens during secretion

A

Platelets dump all their granules
Platelet plug activates other platelets as they pass

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17
Q

What happens during aggregation

A

Platelets flip phosphatidyl serine to the outside of their membrane (now negatively charged)
Fibrinogen bridges form between platelets

18
Q

Why is it important for the platelets membranes to have a negative charge

A

Helps with the coagulation cascade

19
Q

What is the goal of secondary hemostasis

A

To have fibrin (glue) form around the platelet plug to create a good seal

20
Q

Which coag factors are made in the liver

A

II, VII, IX, X, XII, XIII

21
Q

Which coag factors need to be carboxylated

A

II, VII, IX, X

22
Q

What are the three pathways in the coag cascade

A

Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Common

23
Q

What molecules are involved in the extrinsic pathway

A

Tissue factor (III), VII

24
Q

What sets off the extrinsic pathway

A

Trauma that exposes TF to blood

25
Q

What molecules are involved in the common pathway

A

X, V, II (thrombin)

26
Q

What molecules are involved in the intrinsic pathway

A

XII, XI, IX, VIII

27
Q

What sets off the intrinsic pathway?

A

Damage to endothelial cell

28
Q

What activates the common pathway

A

TF + VII and/or VIII

29
Q

Which pathway is the main activator of the cascade

A

Extrinsic

30
Q

Draw the coagulation cascade

A
31
Q

What test is used to test the intrinsic pathway

A

aPTT
Activated partial thromboplastin time

32
Q

What test is used to test the extrinsic pathway

A

PT
Partial thromboplastin

33
Q

What test is used to test the common pathway

A

aPTT and PT - remember the cascade is like a Y

34
Q

What factors are hemophiliacs lacking

A

IX and/or VIII

35
Q

What factors will be impacted by a vit K deficiency

A

II, VII, IX, X

36
Q

Why do we care about vitamin K

A

Coag factors need to be modified in order to be active, the enzyme that drives the redox cycle needs vit K in order to work

37
Q

What does thrombin do

A

Cleaves fibrinogen –> fibrin
Activates platelets
Mediates vascular permeability
Activates a fibrinolysis inhibitor

38
Q

What is the ultimate goal of hemostasis

A

To return normal blood flow following an injury

39
Q

Do animals that have hypocalcemia have a hard time clotting

A

NO. Coag needs very little Ca. To not have enough Ca to not clot you would already be dead

40
Q

Do animals lacking factors XI and XII clinically bleed

A

No

General Pathology (19 decks)

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