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Neurology > Disorders of Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Disorders of Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves carry special sensory information?

A

I - olfaction
II - vision
VII, IX, X - taste
VIII - hearing (and balance)

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2
Q

What nerve carries the majority of the general sensory information form the face?

A

V

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3
Q

What nerves control the muscles of the eye?

A

III
IV
VI

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4
Q

What nerve controls the muscles of mastication?

A

V

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5
Q

What nerve controls the muscles of facial expression?

A

VII

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6
Q

What nerve controls the muscles of the pharynx and larynx?

A

X

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7
Q

What nerve controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

A

XI

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8
Q

What nerve controls pupillary constriction?

A

III

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9
Q

What nerve controls lacrimation?

A

VII

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10
Q

What nerve controls salivation from the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

VII

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11
Q

What nerve controls salivation from the parotid gland?

A

IX

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12
Q

How can the optic nerve be tested?

A

Visual acuity
Visual fields
Pupillary reactions
Fundoscopy

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13
Q

How can nerves III, IV and VI be tested?

A

Ptosis?
Pupils of equal size?
Pupillary reactions
Eye movements - vertical and horizontal

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14
Q

How can the trigeminal nerve be tested?

A

Sensation in V1, V2 and V3
Powers in the muscles of mastication
Corneal reflex
Jaw jerk

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15
Q

How can the facial nerve be tested?

A

Muscles of facial expression
Corneal reflex
(Taste)

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16
Q

How can the vestibulocochlear nerve be tested?

A

Hearing using Rinne’s and Weber’s test

Vestibular function using Hallpike-Dix manoeuvre and Untenberger’s test

17
Q

How can the glossopharyngeal and Vagus nerves be tested?

A

Movement of the palate
Gag reflex
(Quality of speech and cough)

18
Q

How can the spinal acc4essory nerve be tested?

A

Head turning and shoulder shrugging

19
Q

How can the hypoglossal nerve be tested?

A

Appearance and movement of the tongue

20
Q

What are the four cranial nerve reflexes?

A

Pupillary light reflex
Corneal reflex
Jaw jerk
Gag reflex

21
Q

What does the combination of III, IV and VI signs suggest in terms of damage to the head?

A

SOF disruption

22
Q

What is optic neuritis?

A

Demyelination within the optic nerve
Causes monocular visual loss and eye is painful on movement
Reduced visual acuity and colour vision

23
Q

What degenerative disease is optic neuritis often associated with?

A

MS

24
Q

What is the result of loss of parasympathetic innervation to the eye?

A

Fixed, dilated pupil e.g. III nerve palsy

25
Q

What are some nerve disorders that cause eye movement disorders?

A

Isolated third nerve palsy
Isolated fourth nerve palsy
Isolated sixth nerve palsy
Nystatgmus

26
Q

What are the two forms of third nerve palsy?

A

Microvascular - diabetes, hypertension - painless, pupil spared
Compressive - posterior communicating artery aneurysm, raised ICP - painful, pupil affected

27
Q

Give some causes for isolated sixth nerve palsy

A

Idiopathic
Diabetes
Meningitis
Raised ICP

28
Q

What are some causes of nystagmus?

A

Congenital
Secondary to serous visual impairment
Secondary to peripheral vascular problem

29
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Paroxysmal attacks of lancinating pain

Trigger is usually a vascular loop compressing the fifth nerve in the posterior fossa

30
Q

How is trigeminal neuralgia treated?

A

With carbamazepine or surgery if severe

31
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

A unilateral facial weakness of LMN type
Often preceded by pain behind the ear
Eye closure is affected = risk of corneal damage
Treated with steroids

32
Q

What is vestibular neuronitis?

A

Sudden onset disabling vertigo
Vomiting
Gradual recovery
Cause uncertain

33
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Disordered articulation, slurring of speech

34
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

35
Q

Is bulbar palsy LMN or UMN?

A

LMN

36
Q

Is pseudobulbar palsy LMN or UMN?

A

UMN

37
Q

What is pseudobulbar palsy?

A

Bilateral UMN lesions e.g. in vascular lesions of both internal capsules, MND
Results in - dysarthria, dysphonia, dysphagia, spastic, immobile tongue, brisk jaw jerk, brisk gag reflex

38
Q

What is bulbar palsy?

A

Bilateral LMN lesions affecting IX-XII
Causes include MND, polio, tumours
Results in - wasted, fasciculating tongue, dysarthria, dysphonia, dysphagia

Neurology (42 decks)

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