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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory fibres located? What type of neuron are they?

A

Outside the CNS, pseudounipolar

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2
Q

Where are the cell bodies of somatic motor (efferent) fibres located?

A

Inside the CNS

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3
Q

Where are the cell bodies of autonomic motor (afferent) fibres located?

A

One in and one out of the CNS

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4
Q

What nerve is responsible for smell?

A

Olfactory - I

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5
Q

What nerve is responsible for vision (sensory)

A

Optic - II

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6
Q

What nerves are responsible for eye movement?

A

Oculomotor - III
Trochlear - IV
Abducent - VI

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7
Q

What nerve is responsible for sensation of the face and mouth and responsible for the muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal - V

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8
Q

What nerve is responsible for the muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic innervation of the face and taste?

A

Facial - VII

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9
Q

What nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?

A

Vestibulocochlear - VIII

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10
Q

What nerve is responsible for swallowing, tongue sensation?

A

Glossopharyngeal - IX

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11
Q

What nerve is responsible for the muscles of the throat and the visceral senses?

A

Vagus - X

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12
Q

What nerve is responsible for the soft palate, throat and neck motor function?

A

Accessory spinal - XI

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13
Q

What nerve responsible for the movement of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal - XII

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14
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the olfactory nerve?

A

Sensory

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15
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the optic nerve?

A

Sensory

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16
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the oculomotor nerve?

A

Motor

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17
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the trochlear nerve?

A

Motor

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18
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the trigeminal nerve?

A

Mixed

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19
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the abducent nerve?

A

Motor

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20
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the facial nerve?

A

Mixed

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21
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Sensory

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22
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Mixed

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23
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the vagus nerve?

A

Mixed

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24
Q

What type of fibres are carried by the accessory spinal nerve?

A

Motor

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25
What type of fibres are carried by the hypoglossal nerve?
Motor
26
Describe the pathway of the olfactory nerve
Fibres pass through the foraminifera in the cribriform plate of ethmoid, enter olfactory bulb in anterior cranial fossa
27
What are the components of the olfactory nerve?
Special sensory - smell
28
What is the clinical significance of the cribriform plate in relation to the olfactory nerve?
It may tear the fibres, causing anosmia
29
What is anosmia?
Loss of smell
30
Describe the pathway of the optic nerve
Enters via optic canal, nerves join to form optic chiasm, fibres from medial half of each retina cross to form optic tract
31
What are the components of the optic nerve?
Special sensory - vision
32
What is the clinical significance of an increase in CSF in relation to the optic nerve?
Can cause papilloedema
33
What is the result of sectioning of the right optic nerve?
Blindness of right eye
34
What is the result of sectioning of the optic chiasm?
Loss of peripheral vision
35
What is the result of sectioning of the right optic tract?
Blindness in left temporal and right nasal fields
36
Describe the pathway of the oculomotor nerve
Emerges from the midbrain, exits via the superior orbital fissure
37
What are the components of the oculomotor nerve?
Somatic motor - extra ocular muscles - not lateral!, eyelid | Visceral motor - parasympathetic to pupil for constriction and ciliary body for accomodation
38
What are some clinical manifestations of oculomotor problems?
Ptosis - drooping of the upper eyelid Eyeball abducted and pointing down No pupillary reflex No accommodation of the lens
39
What is the pathway of the trochlear nerve?
Emerges from dorsal surface of midbrain, exits via superior orbital fissure
40
What are the components of the trochlear nerve?
Somatic motor - extra ocular muscle
41
What is a clinical feature of trochlear abnormality?
Diplopia when looking down
42
What is diplopia?
Double vision
43
Describe the pathway of the abducent nerve
Emerges between pons and medulla, exits via superior orbital fissure
44
What are the components of the abducent nerve?
Somatic motor - extra ocular muscle
45
What is a clinical feature of abducent abnormality?
Medial deviation of the affected eye causing diplopia
46
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular
47
Describe the pathway of the ophthalmic branch
Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion, exits via superior orbital fissure
48
What are the components of the ophthalmic branch?
General sensory - cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses
49
Describe the pathway of the maxillary nerve
Emerges from pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen rotundum
50
What are the components of the maxillary branch?
General sensory - from face over maxilla, maxillary teeth, TMJ, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses, palate
51
Describe the pathway of the mandibular branch
Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion, exits via foramen ovale
52
What are the components of the mandibular division?
General sensory - from face over mandible, mandibular teeth, TMJ, mucosa of mouth and anterior 2/3 of tongue
53
What are some clinical results of maxillary branch abnormality?
Paralysis of the muscles of mastication Loss of corneal or sneezing reflex Loss of sensation in the face Trigeminal neuralgia
54
Describe the pathway of the facial nerve
Emerges between pons and medulla, exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen
55
What are the components of the facial nerve?
Somatic motor - muscles of facial expression and scalp, stapedius of middle ear, part of digastric muscle Visceral motor - para innervation of submandibular & sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose and palate Special sensory - taste from anterior 2/3rd of tongue and soft palate General sensory - from external acoustic meatus
56
What are the clinical manifestations of facial nerve abnormality?
Is the most commonly injured cranial nerve due to long pathway through bone Bell's palsy - cannot frown, close eyelid or bare teeth
57
What is Bell's palsy?
Inability to frown, close eyelid or bare teeth due to facial nerve injury
58
Describe the pathway of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Emerges from between pins and medulla, exits via internal acoustic meatus, dividing into vestibular & cochlear nerves
59
What are the components of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Special sensory - vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule gives sense of position and movements General sensory - hearing from spinal organ
60
What are some clinical manifestations of vestibulocochlear nerve abnormality?
Tinitus - ringing in the ears Deafness - conductive vs sensorineural Vertigo - loss of balance Nystagmus - involuntary rapid eye movements
61
Describe the pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve
Emerges from the medulla, exits via jugular foramen
62
What are the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Special sensory - taste from posterior third of the tongue General sensory - cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity Visceral sensory - sensation from carotid body and carotid sinus Visceral motor - para innervation of parotid gland Somatic motor - to stylopharyngeus, helps with swallowing
63
What are some clinical manifestations of glossopharyngeal nerve abnormalities?
Loss of gag reflex and taste from back of the tongue | Associated with injuries to CN X and XI - jugular foramen syndrome
64
Describe the pathway of the vagus nerve
Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen, then throughout much of body
65
What are the components of the vagus nerve?
Special sensory - taste from epiglottis and palate General sensory - sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus Visceral sensory - from pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, oesophagus, stomach, intestine Visceral motor - para innervation to muscle in bronchi, gut, heart Somatic motor - to pharynx, larynx, palate and oesophagus
66
What are some clinical manifestations of vagus nerve abnormalities?
Damage to pharyngeal branches causing difficulty swallowing | Damage to laryngeal branches causing difficulty speaking
67
Describe the pathway of the spinal accessory nerve
The small cranial (medulla) and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen
68
What are the components of the accessory nerve?
Somatic motor - striated muscle of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx, SCM and trapezius
69
What is a clinical manifestation of accessory nerve abnormality?
Weakness in head and shrugging shoulder
70
Describe the pathway of the hypoglossal nerve
Emerges from medulla, exits via hypoglossal canal
71
What are the components of the hypoglossal nerve?
Somatic motor - muscles of tongue
72
What are some clinical manifestations of hypoglossal nerve abnormalities?
Vulnerable to damage during tonsillectomy, causes paralysis and trophy of ipsilateral half of tongue. Tip deviates towards affected side

Neurology (42 decks)

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