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BRS Year 2 > Disorders of Appetite > Flashcards

Disorders of Appetite Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of appetite disorders?

A

Water intake- thirst

Food intake- appetite (less or more than normal)

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2
Q

Define polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst or excess drinking

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3
Q

Define adipsia

A

Inappropriate lack of thirst with consequent failure to drink in order to correct hyperosmolality

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4
Q

Define anorexia

A

Lack or loss of appetite for food

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5
Q

What is the difference between anorexia and anorexia nervosa?

A

Anorexia nervosa is the psychological condition

Anorexia is just a loss of appetite for food, it can be a result of other physiological conditions

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6
Q

What are the 2 classes of thirst disorders?

A

Polydipsic

Adipsic

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7
Q

What are the types of polydipsia or adipsia?

A

Primary or secondary

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8
Q

What are some causes of secondary polydipsia

A

Medical conditions that disrupt osmoregulation or alter ADH. E.g :
Chronic conditions (eg diabetes, kidney failure, Conn’s, Addison’s, sickle cell)
Medications (diuretics, laxatives, antidepressants)
Dehydration (acute illness, sweating, fevers, vomiting, diarrhoea)

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9
Q

What is the difference between diabetes insipidus and mellitus?

A 
Mellitus= Common, related to high blood sugar
Insipidus= Uncommon, pituitary problems and impaired ADH production
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10
Q

What is the role of ADH?

A

Acts on the kidneys to regulate the volume & osmolality of urine
Acts at collecting duct - Aquaporin 2 channel

When plasma ADH is low a large volume of urine is excreted (water diuresis)

When plasma ADH is high a small volume of urine is excreted (anti diuresis).

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11
Q

What are some causes of primary polydipsia?

A

Mental illness (psychogenic, schizophrenia, mood disorders, anorexia, drug use)
Brain injury
Organic brain damage

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12
Q

How many types of adipsia are there? Which is most common?

A

There are 4 types (A, B, C and D) and A is the most common

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13
Q

Define the term eating disorders

A

Mental disorders defined by abnormal eating habits

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14
Q

What disorders do eating disorders encompass?

A 
Binge eating disorder
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Pica
Rumination syndrome
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
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15
Q

What is pica?

A

People eat non food items of no nutritional value eg hair, paint chips

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16
Q

What is rumination syndrome and how is it different to bullimia nervosa?

A

It is a condition where people regurgitate food that is undigested and not acidic, in bullimia nervosa food is digested and acidic and regurgitation involves cycles of binging and purging

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17
Q

What are some signs of eating disorders?

A 
Low BMI
Continuous weight loss
Amenorrhea
Halitosis
Mood swings
Dry hair, skin & hair thinning
18
Q

What is the BMI range for mild anorexia?

A

over 17

19
Q

What is the BMI range for moderate anorexia?

A

16-16.99

20
Q

What is the BMI range for severe anorexia?

A

15-15.99

21
Q

What is the BMI range for extreme anorexia?

A

less than 15

22
Q

Out of diet and exercise, what is most effective for weight reduction in obesity?

A

Diet more than exercise but a combination of both is best (10.8% weight loss)

23
Q

How do hormone levels change with bariatric surgery?

A

Ghrelin reduces so decreases appetite

GLP1, GLP2 and PYY increase

24
Q

Define obesity

A

Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presets risk to health

25
Q

What are the 3 groups which can cause secondary polydipsia?

A

Chronic medical conditions
Medications
Dehydration

26
Q

What chronic medical conditions can cause secondary polydipsia?

A 
Diabetes insipidus & mellitus
Kidney failure
Conn’s syndrome
Addison's disease
Sickle cell anaemia
27
Q

What medications conditions can cause secondary polydipsia?

A

Diuretics
Laxatives
Both result in dehydration
Antidepressants

28
Q

What methods of dehydration can cause secondary polydipsia?

A 
Acute illness
Sweating
Fevers 
Vomiting 
Diarrhoea
Under Hydration
29
Q

What are other medical conditions which can lead to polydipsia?

A 
Acute kidney failure
Conn’s syndrome
Primary aldosteronism
Addison's disease
Hypoadrenocorticism
30
Q

What can polydipsia lead to?

A 
Kidney and bone  damage
Headache
Nausea
Cramps
Slow reflexes
Slurred speech
Low energy
Confusion
Seizures
31
Q

What is the mechanism of adipsia?

A

Increasedosmolality of urine ->
Stimulates secretion of ADH ->
Water retention ->
Sensation of thirst decreases

32
Q

What is the role of osmoreceptors in ADH release?

A
  1. Cells shrink when plasma more concentrated
  2. Proportion of cation channels increases – membrane depolarizes
  3. Send signals to the ADH producing cells to increase ADH
  4. Fluid retention
  5. Invokes drinking
33
Q

How has epidemiology of eating disorders changed?

A

Global eating disorderprevalence ↑ed from 3.4% to 7.8% between 2000 and 2018.
70 million people live with eating disorder

34
Q

What are causes of anorexia?

A

Genetic, environmental, psychological, sociological

35
Q

WHat is the mechanism of anorexia?

A

Associated with dec. levels of serotonin

36
Q

WHy is obesity increasing?

A

It is not lack of exercise: Physical activity started to decline prior to obesity epidemic
Due to cheap, calorie-rich/nutrient poor beverages, sweets and fast food

37
Q

How is obesity screened?

A

Height, weight and abdominal girth
Medical history:
Dietary and physical activity patterns, psychosocial factors, weight-gaining medications, familial traits
BMI = kg/m2
BMI of ≥30 or ≥25 + comorbidity or risk factor

38
Q

When is surgical treatment of obesity implemented?

A

People with a > BMI 40 or 35+ comorbidities

39
Q

What is the most common surgery for obesity?

A

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass & sleeve gastrectomy

40
Q

What is the weight loss decrease after bariatric surgery?

A

5 yrs after BS: 30% - 35% weight loss

41
Q

What is a downside of bariatric surgery?

A

Remission rates are high for diabetes (80%) and obstructive sleep apnoea (80-85%)

BRS Year 2 (110 decks)

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