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BRS Year 2 > CVR arterial blood gases + AB regulation > Flashcards

CVR arterial blood gases + AB regulation Flashcards

1
Q

what is PO2?

A

the partial pressure of oxygen

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2
Q

what does the partial pressure of oxygen indicate?

A

how much O2 is dissolved in the arterial blood

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3
Q

what is PCO2?

A

the partial pressure of carbon dioxide

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4
Q

what does the partial pressure of carbon dioxide indicate?

A

how much CO2 is dissolved in arterial blood.

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5
Q

what can high pCO2 indicate and/or low pO2 indicate?

A

inadequate gas exchange in the lungs

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6
Q

what does pH describe?

A

This variable describes the acidity, neutrality or alkalinity of the blood.

The pH of arterial blood is finely tuned and small deviations can affect oxygen transport and delivery

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7
Q

what is HCO3-

A

plasma bicarbonate

This variable describes the concentration of bicarbonate dissolved in arterial blood. If plasma bicarbonate is higher or lower than normal, this could be evidence of gas exchange imbalance

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8
Q

what is BE?

A

this variable describes the concentration of bases (predominantly bicarbonate) compared with the ‘expected concentration’

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9
Q

what is BE when an exact match occurs?

A

0

  • > excess of base is +ve
  • > base deficit is -ve
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10
Q

pulmonary transit time:

A

how long erythrocytes are close enough to resp exchange surface to exchange gases

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11
Q

what is a normal pulmonary transit time (healthy person)

A

0.75 secs

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12
Q

how to convert [H+] into pH

A

-log10[H+]

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13
Q

What does the haematocrit show

A

proportion of RBC in whole blood

- %

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14
Q

what is an acid?

A

any molecule that has a loosely bound H+ that it can donate

-> called protons

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15
Q

what does unregulated pH cause?

A

alteration of the 3D structure of proteins

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16
Q

what term describes the charge of a base?

A

anionic charge - capable of reversibly binding protons

17
Q

what are the 2 types of acids in the body (Categories)

A
  • respiratory

- metabolic

18
Q

what % of the acid we produce is respiratory?

A

99%

19
Q

what is CO2 flux?

A

comparison of amount of CO2 in blood before and after it gets to tissues
-> around 200ml CO2/min (for each CO)

20
Q

is blood the blood an effective acid/base buffer?

A

yes, it has an enormous capacity to do so.

21
Q

what can changes in ventilation trigger?

A

rapid compensatory response to change CO2 and alter pH

22
Q

what can slow a compensatory response to inc/dec pH?

A

HCO3 - and H+ retention/secretion

23
Q

what does it mean if the term ends in ‘osis’ e.g. acidosis

A

describing circumstances that lead to a change

24
Q

what does it mean if the term ends in ‘aemia’ e.g. acidaemia

A

the state that the body is in

25
Q

is it possible for the body to be in acidosis whilst in a state of alkalaemia?

A

yes, this is a compensatory response

26
Q

Interpretation procedure for arterial blood gases

A
  1. type of imbalance?
  2. aetiology of imbalance?
  3. any homestatic compensation?
  4. oxygenation?
27
Q

options for interpreting arterial blood gases

1–>Type of imbalance:

A
  1. acidosis
  2. alkalosis
  3. normal
28
Q

options for interpreting arterial blood gases

2–>aetiology of imbalance:

A
  1. Acidosis
    - -> resp
    - -> metabolic
  2. Alkalosis
    - -> resp
    - -> metabolic
29
Q

options for interpreting arterial blood gases

3–>any homeostatic compensation:

A
  1. uncompensated
  2. partially compensated
  3. Fully compensated
30
Q

options for interpreting arterial blood gases

4–>oxygenation:

A
  1. hypoxaemia
  2. normoxaemia
  3. hyperoxaemia
31
Q

how does bicarbonate move out of an erythrocyte?

A

AE1 transporter

32
Q

cause of metabolic acidosis

A

diarrhoea

increased lactic acid production

33
Q

cause of metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting

BRS Year 2 (110 decks)

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