discourse

Question 1

code switching

Answer 1

changing dialect or language in a discourse. marker of group membership and solidarity. reaffirms social or cultural background of speaker and audience

Question 2

features of spoken discourse - list

Answer 2

prosodic features
openings and closings
adjacency pairs
overlapping speech
interrogative tags
discourse particles
non-fluency features

Question 3

openings and closings

Answer 3

formulaic utterances - open and close conversations
‘hi how are you’
‘nice weather isnt it’
‘id better get going’
‘good night’

Question 4

adjacency pairs

Answer 4

greetings and response, or questions and answers. triggers a response
eg.
opening
closing
phatic talk - how hot is the weather! i know, its unbearable, isnt it?
compliment
thank you

Question 5

overlapping speech

Answer 5

when we misjudge if someone is finished speaking. if we are excited. if we are encouraging the other to continue speaking. also to interject or interrupt and take the floor

Question 6

interrogative tags

Answer 6

tags at the end of a sentence that make it a questions ‘isnt it’ ‘will you’ ‘can she’

Question 7

discourse particles

Answer 7

fillers in speech. ‘well’, ‘you know’, ‘kind of’, ‘anyhow’, ‘like’
hedging - reduce the force of what we say, to express uncertainty or modesty, builds rapport. ‘i think’, ‘a bit’, ‘just’, ‘like’, ‘sort of’

Question 8

non fluency features list

Answer 8

pauses
filled pauses
false start
repetition
repair

Question 9

pauses

Answer 9

when breathing, or when we reach a grammatical boundary in our speech. used deliberately for dramatic effect. signals hesitation or word searching.

Question 10

filled pause

Answer 10

‘um’, ‘er’, ‘ah’. hesitation of thinking

Question 11

false start, repetition, repair eg

Answer 11

‘i ah, dont know’
‘i dont i dont know’
‘i could (..) ill go if you like’