Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OD3 (S1&2) > DIS - Optic Nerve V - Week 10 > Flashcards

DIS - Optic Nerve V - Week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

List three types of optic neuritis based on the involvement of optic nerve fibres.

A

Retrobulbar neuritis
Papillitis
Neuroretinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is optic neuritis generally uni- or bilateral?

A

Unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does optic neuritis affect vision? What about colour vision and visual fields? How does it affect brightness?

A

Acute vision loss
Visual field loss
Abnormal colour vision
Abnormal brightness and colour comparison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long do symptoms worsen for with optic neuritis and when do they peak? Is full recovery expected?

A

Symptoms worsen for 7-10 days, peaking within 1-2 weeks
May not fully recover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 6 possible causes of optic neuritis.

A

Infections
Multiple sclerosis
Tumours
Drug/chemical exposure
Post-vaccination
Idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List four infections that can cause optic neuritis.

A

Meningitis
Syphilis
Viruses
Herpes zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Does optic neuritis affect more men or women?

A

Women twice as often as men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the typical age of patients with optic neuritis (range)?

A

20-45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common type of optic neuritis?

A

Retrobulbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Retrobulbar neuritis is the inflammation of what?

A

Between the back of the eye and the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What four things should you check if you suspect retrobular neuritis?

A

RAPD
Pain, especially on eye movement
Acute vision loss
Brightness and colour comparison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List an obvious ophthalmic sign of retrobulbar neuritis.

A

There arent any initially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is there any disc oedema with retrobulbar neuritis? Explain.

A

It may become apparent due to axoplasmic stasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the four stages of retrobular neuritis progression.

A

No obvious signs
Mild disc oedema
Loss of RNFL
Optic atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How long until optic atrophy with retrobulbar neuritis?

A

3-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is papillitis?

A

Inflammed area at the optic nerve head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What five things should you check if you supect papillitis?

A

RAPD
Pain, especially on eye movement
Acute vision loss
Brightness and colour comparison
Disc oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is neuroretinitis (3)?

A

Inflammed optic nerve head and retina, including the macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is neuroretinitis often caused by?

A

Infective diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List 6 diseases that can cause neuroretinitis.

A

Toxoplasmosis
Cat-scratch disease
Syphilis
Lyme disease
AIDS
Herpes zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is there an association between neuroretinitis and multiple sclerosis?

A

Not usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is visual loss and prognosis like with neuroretinitis?

A

Can be much more severe with poorer prognosis
-especially if macula is involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

List 8 things to check for if you suspect neuroretinitis.

A

RAPD
Pain
Acute vision loss
Brightness and colour comparison
Disc oedema
Macula wing/star
Photostress abnormal
Retinal thickening, possibly macular oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is RAPD always present with optic neuritis?

A

Not always, it may not if neuritis is bilateral or a past event indicating for RAPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe how to carry out a photostress test (6).
Determine distance VA for one eye Occlude the other eye Hold light source 2-3cm away from the eye Ask patient to look at it directly for 10 seconds Remove it and ask to read their best VA line after central scotoma is gone (using their Rx) Time how long it takes to read it
26
What does the photostress test measure?
Rate of photoreceptor pigment re-synthesis after bleaching
27
What does the photostress test probvide an index of (in terms of function, 3)?
Macula function -photoreceptors -bruchs membrane -choroid
28
What is an abnormal photostress recovery time?
>50 seconds
29
What should you do when assessing optic neuritis?
Dilated fundus exam
30
What should you refer a patient with optic neuritis for (2)? What needs to be ruled out? What is the treatment?
Refer for serology and imaging Rule out raised ICP as a cause for disc oedema Systemic steroids
31
Who should you refer for optic neuritis (3)?
Anyone with recurrence Children Teenagers
32
What do studies suggest of the difference between oral and IV steroids for treating optic neuritis? Note which hastened recovery time and which increased rate of recurrence.
IV hastened recovery Oral increased rate of recurrence
33
What is a possible consequence of using IV steroids?
There is some indication it may promote later multiple sclerosis
34
What does demyelination usually produce?
Retrobulbar neuritis
35
What is the major cause of multiple sclerosis? List four other causes of demyelination that may be confused for multiple sclerosis.
Demyelination Guillain-barre syndrome Miler fisher syndrome Devics disease Carbon monoxide poisoning
36
What is the most common acquired chronic neurological condition affecting young adults?
Multiple sclerosis
37
What is the age range at which multiple sclerosis is diagnosed?
20 to 40
38
What is multiple sclerosis? What does it interfere with?
Immune system attacks myelin, interfering with nerve impulses and conduction
39
What is seen in nerves with multiple sclerosis?
Demyelination plaques
40
What is the most common kind of multiple sclerosis?
Relapsing-remitting MS -unpredictable attacks that worsen symptoms followed by recovery -each wave causes more and more disability unless there is remission
41
What happens with primary progressive MS?
Steady increase in disability without attacks
42
What happens with secondary progressive MS?
An initial relapsing-remitting MS that begins to have steady decline with no remisison periods
43
What happens with progressive-relapsing MS?
Steady decline since onset with unpredictable attacks
44
What is the key requirement for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (2)? Explain each (2). What is this called?
Evidence of CNS damage that is disseminated in time and space Disseminated in time - damage has occurred at different dates Disseminated in space - damage has occurred to different parts of the CNS -mcdonald criteria
45
What are three things that are assessed for multiple sclerosis?
MRI scans Clinical symptoms CSF
46
What is clinically isolated syndrome?
If the mcdonald criteria are not met
47
What may cause clinically isolated syndrome (2)?
Single episode of optic neuritis/transverse myelitis/ l'hermittes sign When Ms is not yet MS and is the first clinical episode
48
What is CSF-specific marker?
Oligoclonal immunoglobin bands in the CSF -lab marker for MS
49
List 9 clinical neurological symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
Fatigue Dizziness Ataxia Vision problems Bladder problems Weakness/numbing/tingling Memory problems Trouble concentrating Uhthoffs sign
50
What is uhthoffs sign?
Excessive fatiguing
51
What kind of optic neuritis can multiple sclerosis cause?
Retrobulbar
52
What region of the RNFL tends to be lost with multiple sclerosis vs glaucoma?
MS - temporal loss Glaucoma - superior loss
53
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is due to a lesion in what part of the brain? What is this due to mostly? Give two other causes.
Lesion of the medial longitudinal fasiculus -due to Ms mostly -can also be due to mass or ischaemia
54
What is internuclear ophthalmoplegia a disorder of?
Conjugate lateral gaze
55
What are the two hallmark features of internuclear ophthalmoplegia?
Affected eye shows impaired adduction Contralateral eye can abduct but has nystagmus
56
Distinguish between anterior and posterior internucelar ophthalmoplegia and how convergence is affected for each.
Posterior - lower brainstem affected, convergence normal Anterior - upper brainstem affected, convergence affected
57
What should you do to assess internucelar ophthalmoplegia (3)?
Dilated fundus exam to rule out other retinal causes Extensive history taking for past events Check visiion after a brisk walk
58
What counsel should be given to a patient with internucelar ophthalmoplegia (3)?
Vision loss could be protracted, recurrent Counsel regarding variable vision over time Association with MS
59
Who should a patient with internucelar ophthalmoplegia be referred to and why?
To a neurologist for association with Ms
60
How are relapses of internucelar ophthalmoplegia managed? Comment on how this may affect MS relapses.
IV steroids can speed recovery without affecting MS relapses

OD3 (S1&2) (114 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions