DIS - Eye Trauma I: Causes and Mechanical Injuries - Week 7 Flashcards
What are the three main sources of eye injury?
Mechanical
Chemical
Radiation/thermal
What are most eye injuries due to (2)?
Flying particles or blows to the head (mechanical injury)
Where do most eye injuries occur?
Workplaces
What are the most common eye injuries (what type)?
Corneal foreign body
What percentage of work-related eye injuries occurs in men?
90%
Which gender is more at risk for eye injuries and by how much (including one for severe eye injury)?
2x males
9x risk of severe eye injury requiring hospital admission
Between urban and rural, which is at a higher risk of eye injuries?
Rural
List the four kinds of contusion injuries.
Abrasions
Lacerations
Foreign bodies
Contusion injuries
List some common causes of conjunctival and corneal abrasions (11).
Fingernail scratch
Foreign body
Makeup brush
Papercut
Curling iron
Overexposure to UV light
Arc-welding
CL overwear, illfitting, torn
Trichiasis
Explosive truma
Chemical burn
List three symptoms of a conjunctival abrasion.
Minor irritation
Discharge
-watery
History
What do you expect to see with a conjunctival abrasion on slit lamp (4) and what should you always do (2)?
Abrasion with well defined borders
Underlying tissue intact with NaFl staining
Surrounding hyperaemia and/or chemosis
Always evert both eyes
Look at the other eye
Define corneal lacteration.
Cut of the cornea either partial or full thickness
Should corneal lacerations always be referred?
Yes
How are corneal lacerations generally managed (4)? What is a big risk with lacerations?
Sutures are used to close the laceration
-iris tissue put back into place
-lens may be removed
-stitches need to stay for some time
Infection is a risk
List 6 symptoms or corneal abrasions.
Gritty sensation through to severe pain
Lacrimation
Photophobia
Blepharospasm
Reduced vision
Redness
What layer are corneal abrasions generally?
Superficial
-epithelial or stromal
What do you expect to see on slit lamp of corneal abrasions (2)?
Opacity and oedema
Stain with NaFl
What are four differential diagnoses for corneal abrasions?
Infective or inflammatory corneal ulcers
Chemical/flash burn
Recurrent corneal erosion
How should corneal abrasions be managed (2)? Note the drug, duration, and dosage. What about in those wearing contact lenses?
Debride edges
-reduces RCE
Chlorsig qid
In CL wearers, chlorsig with gram negative antibiotic
-ciprofloxacin
14 days and 3 days after healed
Should corneal abrasions be patched? Explain why (2).
No
Epithelial healing is slowed and greater pain