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Pharmacology > Diphenhydramine > Flashcards

Diphenhydramine Flashcards

0
Q

Drug classification

A

Antihistamine

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1
Q

Trade name

A

Benadryl

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2
Q

Actions (2)

A
  1. Competes with histamine receptor sites

2. Reverses muscle spasm associated with dystonic reaction

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3
Q

Indications (3)

A
  1. Allergic reactions
  2. adjunct to epinephrine in treating anaphylaxis
  3. muscle spasm associated with dystonic reaction
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4
Q

Contraindication (2)

A
  1. Acute asthma

2. Glaucoma

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5
Q

Adverse effects - cardiovascular (3)

A

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Palpitations

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6
Q

Adverse effects - respiratory (2)

A

Mucus plugs

Wheezing

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7
Q

Adverse effects - neurological (5)

A 
Drowsiness
Confusion
Dizziness
Headache
Dilated pupils
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8
Q

Adverse effects - gastrointestinal

A

Nausea/vomiting

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9
Q

Administration

A

50 mg SLOW IVP at 25 mg/min or deep IM

May repeat 50mg after 15 minutes. Total maximum = 100 mg

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10
Q

Pediatrics

A

1 mg/kg SLOW IVP over several minutes

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11
Q

Onset

A 
IVP = 1-5 minutes
IM = 15 minutes
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12
Q

Duration

A

3-4 hours

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13
Q

Precaution

Monitor vital signs

A

Rationale

May cause hypotension

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14
Q

Note

A

May precipitate an acute asthma attack due to drying effect on bronchial mucosa

May increase ocular pressure in glaucoma due to its atropine like effects

IM route not recommended for pediatrics patients due to limited muscle mass

Dystonic reactions are caused by phenothiazine and are characterized by distorted or twisting movements of the body, especially the face, mouth (lip-smacking) and tongue (extrusion), oculogyric crisis (eyes held in a fixed position, usually up and to the side). Hypotension, tachycardia, dry mouth, pill-rolling finger movements, dilated pupils, difficulty with speech and swallowing.

Histamine causes hives, facial and laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, atrial dilation and venous pooling.

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15
Q

How supplied

A

50 mg in 1 mL pre-filled syringe, or 50 mg in 1 mL vial.

16
Q

Meiecations commonly causing dystonic reactions

A 
Thorazine
Haldol
Compazine
Prolixin
Phenergan
Stelazine
Sparine
Mellaril
Temaril

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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