Digestive System III Flashcards
The pancreas has two functions, what are these?
- exocrine
- endocrine (islets)
What does the pancreas produce that aids the body?
enzymes
What are the components that the pancreas secretes in the exocrine system?
- sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3-)
- digestive enzymes
- zymogens
- trypsinogen
What are the components that the pancreas secretes in the endocrine system?
- insulin
- glucagon
- somatostatin
- gastrin
- pancreatic polypeptide
What do digestive enzymes break down in the exocrine system of the pancreas?
- starch
- fat
- protein
- nucleic acids
What makes up zymogens in the exocrine system of the pancreas?
enzymes packed in
Which component of the pancreas breaks down glucose?
glucagon
What are the two kinds of cells in the pancreas that make up the exocrine system?
- acinar cells (with zymogen granules)
- centroacinar cells
What is the name of the component that secretes endocrine secretions in the pancreas?
pancreatic islets (Islet of Langerhans)
The endocrine islet of the pancreas is surrounded by ____.
capillaries
What are the two types of cells in the pancreatic islets? What do each secrete?
- beta cells - insulin
- alpha cells - glucagon
What are the four lobes of the liver called?
- right
- left
- caudate
- quadrate hilum (porta hepatis)
What is the primary function of the liver?
allows for the body to maintain a controlled level of glucose
What is the liver’s only digestive function?
produces bile
What factors does the liver synthesize?
- glucose (fats and amino acids)
- cholesterol (other lipids)
- proteins of blood plasma
- blood clotting factors
What factors does the liver catabolize or degrade?
- amino acids
- alcohol, antibiotics, other drugs
What factor does the liver metabolize?
bilirubin from expired RBCs
What components does bile consist of? What are the only useful components?
- minerals
- bile pigments (bilirubin)
- cholesterol
- fats
- phospholipids (lecithin)
- bile acids (steroids)
What are the cells in the liver that surround the central vein?
hepatocytes
What is the component of the liver called where hepatocytes meet back-to-back? What is located between lobules?
bile canaliculi; bile ductules
What kind of cells are the macrophages of the liver?
Kupffer cells
Which kind of capillaries are located in the liver?
hepatic sinusoids
What is the gallbladdar/liver system called?
the biliary system
What are the ducts that lead into the gallbladdar called?
- right and left hepatic ducts
- bile duct
- cystic duct
What is the opening called from the pancreas into the duodenum called?
Ampulla of Vater
What does the Ampulla of Vater do?
controls the entry of bile into the duodenum
What is the end of the gallbladdar called?
fundus
What kind of epitheliun does the gallbladdar have?
simple columnar epithelium with a brush border
How would you describe the mucosa in the gallbladdar?
it is highly convoluted
What is the procedure called that removes the gallbladdar?
laparoscopic procedure
