Digestive System III Flashcards

1
Q

The pancreas has two functions, what are these?

A
  • exocrine
  • endocrine (islets)
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2
Q

What does the pancreas produce that aids the body?

A

enzymes

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3
Q

What are the components that the pancreas secretes in the exocrine system?

A
  • sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3-)
  • digestive enzymes
  • zymogens
  • trypsinogen
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4
Q

What are the components that the pancreas secretes in the endocrine system?

A
  • insulin
  • glucagon
  • somatostatin
  • gastrin
  • pancreatic polypeptide
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5
Q

What do digestive enzymes break down in the exocrine system of the pancreas?

A
  • starch
  • fat
  • protein
  • nucleic acids
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6
Q

What makes up zymogens in the exocrine system of the pancreas?

A

enzymes packed in

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7
Q

Which component of the pancreas breaks down glucose?

A

glucagon

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8
Q

What are the two kinds of cells in the pancreas that make up the exocrine system?

A
  • acinar cells (with zymogen granules)
  • centroacinar cells
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9
Q

What is the name of the component that secretes endocrine secretions in the pancreas?

A

pancreatic islets (Islet of Langerhans)

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10
Q

The endocrine islet of the pancreas is surrounded by ____.

A

capillaries

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11
Q

What are the two types of cells in the pancreatic islets? What do each secrete?

A
  • beta cells - insulin
  • alpha cells - glucagon
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12
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver called?

A
  • right
  • left
  • caudate
  • quadrate hilum (porta hepatis)
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13
Q

What is the primary function of the liver?

A

allows for the body to maintain a controlled level of glucose

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14
Q

What is the liver’s only digestive function?

A

produces bile

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15
Q

What factors does the liver synthesize?

A
  • glucose (fats and amino acids)
  • cholesterol (other lipids)
  • proteins of blood plasma
  • blood clotting factors
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16
Q

What factors does the liver catabolize or degrade?

A
  • amino acids
  • alcohol, antibiotics, other drugs
17
Q

What factor does the liver metabolize?

A

bilirubin from expired RBCs

18
Q

What components does bile consist of? What are the only useful components?

A
  • minerals
  • bile pigments (bilirubin)
  • cholesterol
  • fats
  • phospholipids (lecithin)
  • bile acids (steroids)
19
Q

What are the cells in the liver that surround the central vein?

A

hepatocytes

20
Q

What is the component of the liver called where hepatocytes meet back-to-back? What is located between lobules?

A

bile canaliculi; bile ductules

21
Q

What kind of cells are the macrophages of the liver?

A

Kupffer cells

22
Q

Which kind of capillaries are located in the liver?

A

hepatic sinusoids

23
Q

What is the gallbladdar/liver system called?

A

the biliary system

24
Q

What are the ducts that lead into the gallbladdar called?

A
  • right and left hepatic ducts
  • bile duct
  • cystic duct
25
Q

What is the opening called from the pancreas into the duodenum called?

A

Ampulla of Vater

26
Q

What does the Ampulla of Vater do?

A

controls the entry of bile into the duodenum

27
Q

What is the end of the gallbladdar called?

A

fundus

28
Q

What kind of epitheliun does the gallbladdar have?

A

simple columnar epithelium with a brush border

29
Q

How would you describe the mucosa in the gallbladdar?

A

it is highly convoluted

30
Q

What is the procedure called that removes the gallbladdar?

A

laparoscopic procedure