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Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of connective tissues?

A
  • connnective tissue proper
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • blood
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2
Q

What are the four types of fibrous connective tissues?

A
  • areolar tissue
  • reticular connective tissue
  • dense regular conective tissue
  • dense irregular connective tissue
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3
Q

Connective tissue also consists of ____ tissue which provides support such as cartilage and ____.

A

adipose; bone

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4
Q

Which kind of connective tissue consists of blood and hemopoietic tissue?

A

transport tissue

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5
Q

List different things that all connective tissues have in common.

A

1) composed of cells, fibers & ground substance
2) ECM > cells
3) non-contiguous cells
4) variable vascularity
5) has lymphatics and nerve endings
6) binds organs together

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6
Q

What is derived from the mesoderm and is located between the ectoderm and the endoderm?

A

mesenchyme

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7
Q

Describe the types of cells found in the mesenchyme.

A
  • fusiform or stellate
  • pluripotent mesenchymal cells
  • Can differentiate into any kind of mature connective tissue and smooth or cardiac muscle (not skeletal)
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8
Q

Describe the ground substance found in the mesenchyme.

A

amporphous spongy consistency

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9
Q

Produces fiber and ground substance. May be the only cell present (tendon). Commonly spindle-shaped (fusiform). The MAIN type of cell.

A

fibroblasts

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10
Q

Phagocytic & antigen-presenting cells. Descended from monocytes of blood, or monocyte stem cells. Requires special staining or appearance of phagocytized material to be distinguishable in tissue sections. “Big eater”. In the spleen, they go dark.

A

macrophages (histiocytes)

alveolar macrophages in human lung eating coal dust

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11
Q

Use the bloodstream as a “subway” to “get to work”. They live most of their lives in connective tissues. They can be difficult to distinguish.

A

Wandering leukocytes (WBCs)

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12
Q

Develops from B-lympocytes. Secrete antibodies.

A

Plasma cells

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13
Q

Connective tissue cells similar to blood basophils. Secrete histimine and heparin in inflammatory response. Often seen alongside blood vessels in areolar tissue.

A

mast cells

Heparin is an anticoagulant such as blood vessels

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14
Q

Can be found singly or in small clusters in loose connective tissue. If dominant, becomes adipose tissue. Eccentric nucleus; rim of cytoplasm around a triglyceride globule.

A

Fat cells (adipocytes)

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15
Q

What is the difference between white and brown fat?

A
  • white fat - one globule in the cell
  • brown fat - multiple globules within the cell
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16
Q

This type of connective tissue is the most abundant protein in the body, composing 30% of dry weight.

A

collagen fibers

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17
Q

Collagen fibers can be ____ and ____ striated. What are the three stains that they can possibly be?

A

longitudinally; transversely
pink, green, and blue

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18
Q
  • has collagen (2000 amino acids)
  • rich in hydroxyproline (~10%)
  • 2 polypeptides twisted together to form a triple helix

the helix is composed of 1 microfibril of tropocollagen

A

collagenous fiber

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19
Q
  • Composed of elastin and glycosaminoglycans
  • Much thinner than most collagen fibers
  • May freely branch and anatomose
  • May form sheets in arteries
A

elastic fibers

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20
Q
  • is composed of type III collagen fibers coated with carbohydrates
  • is argyrophilic
  • extensively branched
A

reticular fiber

lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, adipose tissue

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20
Q

Which kind of genetic disease is caused by mutations in the fibrillin 1(FBN1) gene? Symptoms include long limbs, spindly fingers, and a sunken chest.

A

Marfan syndrome

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21
Q

In the plasma membrane, what is composed of ONE corkscrew fiber?

A

proteoglycan

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22
Q

In the plasma membrane, what is composed of TWO corkscrew fibers?

A

integrin

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23
Q

Types of Loose Connective Tissue

  • Is found in almost every organ of the body
  • Has a network of linkages in the tissue spread
  • Has a spongy appearance in a tissue section
  • Very open structure
A

areolar tissue

ex. fibroblasts

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24
Q

Types of Loose Connective Tissue

  • found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow
  • Reticular fibers dominate this structure
  • Has lympgoblasts
A

reticular tissue

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25
Q

Type of Loose Connective Tissue

  • Can be ligaments, aponeurons, and tendons
  • Collagen fibers arranged in a linear parallel fashion
A

Dense regular connective tissue

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26
Q

Types of Loose Connective Tissue

  • Can be in the dermis
  • Collagen is not parallel with one another
A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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27
Q

Type of Loose Connective Tissue

  • Two kinds: white fat and brown fat
A

adipose tissue (fat)

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28
Q

Name the adipose tissue:

  • is ONE fat globule within the cell
  • acts as a source of energy for the body to use
  • the most common
A

white fat

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29
Q

Name the adipose tissue:

  • is MULTIPLE fat globules within the cell
  • Acts as a source of heat
  • Usually found in hibernating animals and babies
A

brown fat

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30
Q

Cartilage

  • shock absorber
  • low-friction joint surfae
  • maintains airway patency
  • some muscle attachments
  • rin-sternum attachments
  • precursor for most bones
  • growth zone of child-adolescent bones
A

hyaline cartilage

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31
Q

Cartilage

What is the main physical charateristic of hyaline cartilage that is easily distinguishable?

A

It has a clear, glassy appearance.

32
Q

Cartilage

In what situation can hyaline cartilage be found in the cell?

Hint: cell nests

A

isogenous groups

33
Q

What are the two matrices that make up hyaline cartilage?

A
  • darker territorial matrix
  • lighter interterritorial matrix
34
Q

In what locations can hyaline cartilage be found?

A
  • supportive tissue of nose
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • Articulate cartilages and wpiphyseal plates of bones
  • costal cartilage of ribs
  • fetal skeleton
35
Q

Cartilage

Which kind of cartilage is…
* very easy to identify under the microscope
* very distinct cells which look like boiled eggs
* Even with different stains, they look the same.
* More flexible than hyaline cartilage

A

elastic cartilage

36
Q

Cartilage

In what locations can elastic cartilage be found?

A
  • ear pinna
  • auditory canal
  • audiotry tube
  • epiglottis
  • some cartilage of larynx
37
Q

Cartilage

Which kind of cartilage is…
* conspicuous collagen fibers
* not much brown substance
* chondrocytes are often in rows
* NEVER has a perichondrium

A

fibrocartilage

38
Q

In what locations can fibrocartilage be found?

A
  • near joints where tendons and ligaments are found
  • pubic symphasis
  • invertebral discs
39
Q

Fibrocartilage is made up of cells called ____. These cells are trapped in cavaties called ____.

A

chondrocytes; lacunae

40
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue proper?

A
  • loose connective
  • dense connective
41
Q

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

A
  • areolar
  • adipose
  • reticular
42
Q

What are the three type of dense connective tissue?

A
  • dense regular
  • dense irregular
  • elastic
43
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A
  • hyaline
  • elastic
  • fibrocartilage
44
Q

What are the two types of embryonic connective tissues?

A
  • mesenchyme
  • Mucous connective tissue
45
Q

Where is mucous connective tissue found?

A

only in the umbilical cord

never differentiates into mature tissue

46
Q

Mast cells will secrete ________ and ________ in an inflammatory response.

A

histamine; heparin

47
Q

Which kind of nuclei do adipocytes have?

A

eccentric nuclei

48
Q

Collagenous fibers are made of parallel ____ barely visible to the light microscope. Gives collagen ____ striations.

A

fibrils; longitudinal

49
Q

Collagen consists of three polypeptides twisted together to form a triple helix which equals 1 ____ of ________.

A

microfibril; tropocollagen

50
Q

Protein-Carbohydrate Complexes are composed of glycosaminoglycan which resembles ____ and a protein core.

A

bristles

51
Q

How many types of human collagen are there?

A

fourteen

52
Q

What are cartilage cells called?

A

chondrocytes

53
Q

What are the cavities called which chondrocytes are trapped in?

A

lacunae

54
Q

Cartilage has no nerves or lymphatics, therefore it is ____.

A

Avascular

55
Q

What is the cartilage matrix stiffened by?

A

GAGs and proteoglycans

56
Q

What is cartilage tissue covered with on the outer edges?

A

perichondrium

Except for fibrocartilage

57
Q

What is the order of histogenesis for cartilage development and growth?

A

mesenchyme > chondroblasts > chondrocytes

58
Q

What is the first stage of cartilage growth & development?

A

Interstitial growth

59
Q

What is the second stage of cartilage growth & development?

A

Appositional growth

60
Q

What is the technical tissue name for bone?

A

osseus tissue

61
Q

Which stage of cartilage growth & development includes growth from within by the mitotic division of chondrocytes. It is also important for bone elongation and replinishment of articular cartilage.

A

interstitial growth

62
Q

Which stage of cartilage growth & development includes surface growth. It can also not occur where there is no perichondrium.

A

appositional growth

cannot occur in joint surfaces

63
Q

What are some benefits that bones provide?

A
  • protective enclosure
  • leverage for movement
  • body support
  • electrolyte balance
  • acid-base balance
64
Q
A
65
Q

What is the “head” of a bone called?

A

epiphysis

66
Q

What is the inside cavity of a bone called?

A

medullary cavity

67
Q

What is the shaft of a bone called?

A

diaphysis

68
Q

What is a premature bone cell called?

A

osteogenic cell

69
Q

What is the intermediate bone cell called (before maturity)?

A

osteoblast

70
Q

What is a mature bone cell called?

A

osteocyte

71
Q

In bone cells, the fusion precursor for ____ are stem cells.

A

osteoclasts

72
Q

In the bone matrix, ____ resists crushing while ____ resists tension (bending).

A

minerals; collagen

73
Q

Name 5 structures of compact bone.

A
  • osteon
  • central (haversian) canal
  • lamellae
  • lacunae
  • canaliculi
74
Q

In an osteon, what are four things that can be found in the central (haversian) canal?

A

1) artery
2) nerve
3) vein
4) lymphatic vessel

75
Q

What is significant about compact bone?

A

It is made up of many osteons

76
Q

Choose the right word:

Spongy bone has (few/many) osteons and a (regular/irregular) trabeculae and spicules.

trabeculae are thin plates

A

few; irregualar

77
Q

What is the formation of osseous tissue called?

A

ossification

78
Q
A

Histology (19 decks)

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