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Medical Terminology > Digestive System: Diseases, Conditions, and Procedures > Flashcards

Digestive System: Diseases, Conditions, and Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

gastroenterology

A

branch of medicine concerned with digestive diseases

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2
Q

gastroenterologist

A

the physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of digestive disorders (but does not perform surgeries)

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3
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

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4
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection

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5
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

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6
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance

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7
Q

cachexia

A

(also called wasting syndrome)
physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass

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8
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones in the gallbladder

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9
Q

cirrhosis

A

abnormal yellowing of the skin as a result of liver disease

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10
Q

Crohn disease

A

(also called regional enteritis)
form of inflammatory bowl disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but might affect any part of the intestinal tract

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11
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine caused by water or food that contains parasites, chemical irritants, or bacteria

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12
Q

flatus

A

gas in the GI tract expelled from a body orifice, usually the anus

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13
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the cardiac sphincter muscle

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14
Q

halitosis

A

foul-smelling breath

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15
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

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16
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region

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17
Q

intestinal obstruction

A

mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines

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18
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

(also called spastic colon)
symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined

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19
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through the intestine into the blood

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20
Q

melena

A

dark, tarlike feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach

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21
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards

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22
Q

morbid obesity

A

obesity in which body mass index is greater than 40 (about 100 lb over ideal body weight)

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23
Q

obstipation

A

severe constipation, which may be caused by intestinal obstruction

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24
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek

25
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

26
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter

27
Q

regurgitation

A

a backward flow, as in return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

28
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

(one of the principal types of inflammatory bowel disease)
chronic inflammatory disease of the colon

29
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract

30
Q

hepatitis panel

A

panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus that is causing hepatitis

31
Q

liver function tests (LFTs)

A

blood tests that evaluate liver function

32
Q

serum bilirubin

A

measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood

33
Q

stool culture

A

test to identify microorganisms present in feces

34
Q

stool guaiac

A

(also called hemoccult)
test to detect the presence of occult* blood in the feces

*occult: hidden

35
Q

lower gastrointestinal series

A

(also called lower GI series or barium enema)
radiographic images of the lower GI tract after giving the patient barium

36
Q

oral cholecystography (OCG)

A

radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after the administration of a contrast material

37
Q

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

A

special MRI technique that produces images of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and all the surrounding ducts

38
Q

abdominal ultrasound

A

ultrasound visualization of the abdomen

39
Q

endoscopic ultrasound

A

combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines the digestive tracts and surrounding tissues and organs

40
Q

upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)

A

(also called barium swallow)
radiographic images of the upper GI tracts after giving the patient barium

41
Q

ileorectal anastomosis

A

surgical connection of the ileum and rectum

42
Q

intestinal anastomosis

A

surgical connection of two portions of the intestines

43
Q

appendectomy

A

excision of the appendix

44
Q

open appendectomy

A

excision of the appendix through an incision in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen

45
Q

laparoscopic appendectomy

A

minimally invasive appendectomy using three small abdominal incisions

46
Q

bariatric surgery

A

surgery that reduces stomach size to treat morbid obesity

47
Q

vertical banded gastroplasty

A

bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce its size

48
Q

roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)

A

(also called gastric bypass with gastroenterostomy)
bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to reduce its size and shortening the jejunum to decrease the pathway of food through the intestine, which reduces the absorption of calories and fats

49
Q

colostomy

A

forming an opening in the colon

50
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing a stone

51
Q

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

use of shock waves to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts

52
Q

paracentesis

A

also called abdominocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen

53
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a polyp

54
Q

nasogastric intubation (N.G. tube)

A

insertion of nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention, instill substances, or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

55
Q

antacids

A

medicine that treats acid reflux and prevents heartburn

56
Q

antidiarrheals

A

medicine that relieves diarrhea

57
Q

antiemetics

A

medicine that stops vomiting and controls nausea

58
Q

antispasmodics

A

a medicine that decreases gastrointestinal spasms

59
Q

laxatives

A

medicine that treats constipation

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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