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Medical Terminology > Body Structure > Flashcards

Body Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

chromatin

A

structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids, and proteins

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2
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of DNA that carries hereditary information

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3
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid

A

molecule that holds genetic information

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4
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all the physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or organism

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5
Q

organelle

A

cellular structure that provides a specialized function

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6
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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7
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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8
Q

what are the conditions of the anatomical position?

A

the person must be standing erect and facing forward with his arms at the sides (palms facing forward) and the feet parallel to each other

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9
Q

what are the three body planes?

A

1- coronal plane
2- transverse plane
3- midsagittal plane

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10
Q

coronal plane

A

a plane that divides the body into an anterior and posterior section

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11
Q

transverse plane

A

a plane that divides the body into top and bottom sections

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12
Q

midsagittal plane

A

a plane that divides the body into left and right halves

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13
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the body

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14
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb toward the body

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15
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the midline of a body or structure

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16
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to a side

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17
Q

superior

A

toward the head or the upper part of a structure

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18
Q

cephalad

A

toward the head or the upper part of a structure

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19
Q

inferior

A

toward the tail or the lower part of a structure

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20
Q

caudal

A

toward the tail or the lower part of a structure

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21
Q

proximal

A

near to the center or the point of reference

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22
Q

distal

A

further from the center or the point of reference

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23
Q

anterior

A

front of the body

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24
Q

ventral

A

front of the body

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25
Q

posterior

A

back of the body

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26
Q

dorsal

A

back of the body

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27
Q

parietal

A

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

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28
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the viscera (internal organs, especially the abdominal organs)

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29
Q

prone

A

lying on the abdomen, face down

30
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back, face up

31
Q

inversion

A

turning inward

32
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

33
Q

palmar

A

pertaining to the palm of the hand

34
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the sole of the foot

35
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface of the body (external)

36
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body (internal)

37
Q

what are the two main cavities in the human body?

A
  • the dorsal cavity
  • the ventral cavity
38
Q

the dorsal cavity is divided into…

A
  • the cranial cavity (formed by the skull, which contains the brain)
  • the spinal cavity (formed by the spine, which contains the spinal cord)
39
Q

the ventral cavity is divided into…

A
  • the thoracic cavity (which contains the heart and lungs)
  • the abdominopelvic cavity (which is further divided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity)
40
Q

what does the abdominal cavity contain?

A

it contains the liver, stomach, intestines, and kidneys

41
Q

what does the pelvic cavity contain?

A

it contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs

42
Q

what are the major structures in the the right upper quadrant?

A
  • right lobe of the liver
  • the gallbladder
  • part of the pancreas
  • part of the small and large intestines
43
Q

what are the major structures in the left upper quadrant?

A
  • left lobe of the liver
  • the stomach
  • the spleen
  • part of the pancreas
  • part of the small and large intestines
44
Q

what are the major structures in the right lower quadrant?

A
  • part of the small and large intestines
  • the appendix
  • the right ovary
  • the right fallopian tube
  • the right ureter
45
Q

what are the major structures in the left lower quadrant?

A
  • part of the small and large intestines
  • the left ovary
  • the left fallopian tube
  • the left ureter
46
Q

where is the right hypochondriac located?

A

it’s located in the upper right lateral region beneath the ribs

47
Q

where is the epigastric located?

A

it’s located in the upper middle region

48
Q

where is the left hypochondriac located?

A

it’s located in the upper left lateral region beneath the ribs

49
Q

where is the right lumbar located?

A

it’s located in the middle right lateral region

50
Q

where is the umbilical region located?

A

it’s located in the region of the naval

51
Q

where is the left lumbar located?

A

it’s located in the middle left lateral region

52
Q

where is the right inguinal located?

A

it’s located in the lower right lateral region

53
Q

where is the hypogastric located?

A

it’s located in the lower middle region

54
Q

where is the left inguinal located?

A

it’s located in the lower left lateral region

55
Q

what are the different regions in the spine?

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccyx
56
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

57
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

58
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

59
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

60
Q

anter/o

A

front

61
Q

anterior

A

pertaining to the front

62
Q

caud/o

A

inferior

63
Q

cephal/o

A

head or superior

64
Q

dist/o

A

further

65
Q

dors/o

A

back of the body

66
Q

infer/o

A

lower or below

67
Q

later/o

A

side

68
Q

medi/o

A

middle

69
Q

poster/o

A

back or behind

70
Q

proxim/o

A

near

71
Q

ventr/o

A

belly (or front)

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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