digestive system

Question 1

mechanical digestion

Answer 1

to physically break down food

• chewing
• churning (stomach)
• emulsion

Question 2

chemical digestion

Answer 2

0to chemically break down macromolecules by enzymes

Question 3

oral cavity

Answer 3

site of food intake

1. mechanical digestion (mastication) and
2. chemical digestion (salivary amylase)
3. tongue moulds food into a bolus

Question 4

salivary glands

Answer 4

breaks down carbohydrates, lubricates food, and keeps the mouth moist

Question 5

esophagus

Answer 5

moves food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 6

pharynx

Answer 6

chamber in the back of the mouth where the nose passageway (trachea) and the mouth passageway (esophagus) meet.

Question 7

epiglottis

Answer 7

closes the trachea when swallowing

the flap of epithelial opens so gases can get to the lungs

Question 8

peristalsis

Answer 8

wavelike contractions of smooth muscle that move food down the esophagus to the stomach despite gravity
(peristaltic action)

Question 9

stomach

Answer 9

food storage and where mechanical and chemical (protein only) digestion takes place.

Question 10

the cardiac and pyloric sphincter

Answer 10

cardiac- moves food from the esophagus to the stomach

pyloric- regulates movement from the stomach to the duodenum (small intestine)

Question 11

fundus and pylorus

Answer 11

fundus- upper part of the stomach that produces inactive enzymes
pylorus- lower part where enzymes become active and take part in chemical digestion

Question 12

3 layers of muscle of the stomach and function

Answer 12

longitudinal, circular, and oblique

allow the stomach to churn the food

Question 13

gastric glands

Answer 13

in the wall of the stomach that produce hydrochloric acids, mucous, and pepsinogen

Question 14

mucous

Answer 14

lines the inner stomach and prevents breakdown of the stomach by acids/enzymes

Question 15

parietal cells

Answer 15

(hydrochloric acid)

provides a proper pH, kills bacteria separate protein

Question 16

chief cells

Answer 16

pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it enters the acidic environment that HCL creates. Then the Pepsin and HCL work together to break down protein