Biochemistry Flashcards
Polymers and Monomers
Polymers are long molecules consisting of many monomers (monomers make up polymers)
dehydration synthesis
when monomers are connected to make up polymers (take out H2O to connect)
hydrolysis
opposit of dehydration synthesis. polymers break up to form monomers
hydrogen bonds
when positive ends of a water molecule are attracted to negative ends of the other water molecules
catabolic metabolism
where molecules are broken down into simpler molecules ex.digestion
Anabolic metabolism
when molecules are built from simpler molecules
Carbohydrates
- produced by plants and cells source of energy
- made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (C6H1206)
Monosaccharides
(carb)
-simplest sugars that contain 1 sugar unit
sugars = glucose/fructose
glucose
(carb)
most common monosaccharide
-all sugars are converted into glucose
isomers
(carb)
molecules with the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of those atoms
disaccharides
contain two monosaccharides formed by dehydration synthesis
sucrose
disaccharide
- sweetest disaccharide
- made of glucose and fructose
Lactose
disaccharide
- made of glucose and galactose
- forms milk sugar
maltose
disaccharide
- made of glucose and glucose
- found in germinating seeds
polysaccharides
contain more than 2 monosaccharides
glycogen
polysaccharide
- short term energy storage in animals
- stored in our liver or muscles
- when we don’t eat for a while, glycogen is converted into glucose
starch
polysaccharide
-acts as energy storage for plants
cellulose
polysaccharide
- makes up the cell wall
- cant be digested or used as energy
