Cells (review)

Question 1

Chloroplasts

Answer 1

site of Photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll

Question 2

Vacuole

Answer 2

• Store water and nutrients needed by the cell
• helps support the shape of the cell
• animals have vacuoles but much smaller

Question 3

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 3

-modifies proteins and lipids made by the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export from the cell

Question 4

Lysosome

Answer 4

(Digestion and waste removal)

-contains digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste nutrients for use by the cell

Question 5

Centrioles

Answer 5

• only in animal cells
• helps to organize cell division
• made of bundles of microtubes

Question 6

microfilaments

Answer 6

rods of proteins that’s part of the cytoskeleton which offers support to cell structure

Question 7

cell membrane/plasma membrane

Answer 7

layer of phospholipids and proteins that separates cytoplasm from external environments
regulates the flow of material in and out of the cell and is elastic

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

The protein maker
-translates the genetic code into proteins
-distributed throughout the cytoplasm or
found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Two types of cells

Answer 9

Eukaryote = cells with a nucleus and nuclear membrane (fungi, plants, animals, protists) have organelles

Prokaryote = cells with no nucleus or nuclear membrane (bacteria) Genetic material is dispersed into the cell. no organelles except for ribosomes,

Question 10

nucleoid

Answer 10

region of the cytoplasm where chromosomal DNA is located

Question 11

nucleus

Answer 11

control center of the cell. Separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell

Question 12

chromatin

Answer 12

genetic material (non-dividing state)

Question 13

nucleolus

Answer 13

plays a role in making ribosomes

Question 14

nuclear membrane

Answer 14

double-membrane structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 15

cell wall

Answer 15

polysaccharide coat that gives the cell shape and surrounds the cell membrane for protection

Question 16

cytoplasm

Answer 16

gel-like fluid in the cell

Question 17

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

• similar in appearance to rough endoplasmic reticulum but doesn’t contain ribosomes
• involved with the production of lipids, carbohydrates and detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 18

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 18

manufactures, processes and transports proteins for export from the cell.

Question 19

Autotrophic

Answer 19

makes their own food ex.plant cells

Question 20

Heterotrophic

Answer 20

need a food source that’s not the sun ex.animal cells

Question 21

Protists

Answer 21

single-celled organism (eukaryote)

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 23

Passive Transport

Answer 23

movement of materials across the cell membrane without energy, instead it is driven by diffusion

Question 24

Osmosis

Answer 24

diffusion of water across the cell membrane.

Question 25

Hypertonic Isotonic, and Hypotonic

Answer 25

Hypertonic- higher concentration outside of cell
Isotonic-same concentration inside and outside (balanced)
Hypotonic- lower concentration outside of cell

Question 26

Plasmolysis

Answer 26

Shrinking of a cell when placed in a hypertonic solution (dehydration) ex.salt water

Question 27

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 27

When proteins in the cell membrane will create a pore or transport channel that allow larger molecules to pass

Question 28

Active Transport

Answer 28

Transport that involves energy in the form of ATP and transport proteins.

Question 29

Endocytosis

Answer 29

transports materials into the cells,

Question 30

Exocytosis

Answer 30

moves matter out of the cell