Circulatory System

Question 1

Pulmonary Circuit

Answer 1

carries blood from the heart to the lungs and then back

Question 2

Systematic Circuit

Answer 2

carries blood from the heart to the body and then back

Question 3

What controls blood flow through the arteries

Answer 3

autonomic nervous system and hormones

Question 4

what are Precapillary Sphincters

Answer 4

they regulate the movement of blood from the arterioles into capillaries

Question 5

capillaries

Answer 5

receives blood from the arterioles and transports it to the venules.

Question 6

Diastole

Answer 6

when the heart is relaxed

av valves allow blood to pass and the atrium and ventricles fill

Question 7

Systole

Answer 7

when the heart contracts

Question 8

cardiac cycle

Answer 8

cardiac muscles of the heart undergo diastole and systole in a rhythmic cycle

Question 9

Lub and Dub

Answer 9

lub = av valves closing (contraction)
dub = semilunar valves closing (relaxation)

Question 10

Sinoatrial Node (AAnode)

Answer 10

bundle of nerves that acts as a pacemaker for the heart.

Signals from the nervous system cause the cardiac pacemaker to increase or decrease heart rate

Question 11

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer 11

a recording of the electrical charges that occur in the myocardium (heart muscle) during the cardiac cycle

Question 12

what does PQRST stand for in an ECG

Answer 12

p= contraction of the atrium
QRS= contraction of the ventricles
T= recovery of the ventricles

Question 13

Blood Pressure

Answer 13

the force of the blood on the walls of the arteries and is measured by a sphygmomanometer

Question 14

what are the 2 factors affecting blood pressure

Answer 14

1. Cardiac Output
   
   • exercise
   • caffine/nicotine
2. Arteriolar Resistance
   
   • Vasoconstriction=narrowing of blood vessels
   • Athlerosclerosis= when plaque builds up in arteries

Question 15

Baroreceptor Cells

Answer 15

cells in the walls of large arteries that are sensitive to blood pressure. They send nerve impulses to the medulla oblongata (brain)

Question 16

Hypertension

Answer 16

high blood pressure, vessels harden which makes bp even higher

Question 17

Atherosclerosis

Answer 17

when excess fat in your blood deposit on the walls of arteries narrowing the vessels diameter which can cause clots and leads to high blood pressure

Question 18

Aneurysm

Answer 18

a bulge in the weakened wall of a blood vessel. Aneurysm in the brain can cause a stroke