Biochemistry part 2 Flashcards
Lipids (fats/oils)
-long term energy storage
Triglycerides
- fat found in your blood.
- composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Animal triglycerides
- saturated fats
- hard to break down
Plant triglycerides
- polyunsaturated fats
- easier to break down
Waxes
-composed of many fatty acids attached to alcohols and carbon rings
Fats
-contain twice as much energy as carbohydrates
Atherosclerosis
a disease in the blood vessels that’s caused by the build-up of cholesterol and fats
Cholesterol
- type of fat found in the cell membrane and is used to manufacture hormones
- LDL is bad cholesterol
- HDL is good cholesterol
Anabolic Steroids
-altered lipids thats produced by certain cells and acts as chemical messengers known as hormones
Phospholipids
lipids composed of a phosphate molecule attached to a glycerol backbone (phosphate/lipid)
Proteins
-structural components of a cell and repairs cell structures
-made up of amino acids
-
amino acids
make up proteins (chains of amino acids)
-produced by the ribosome
levels of protein
- single chain of amino acids (primary)
- spiral chain of amino acids (secondary) (spirals bc of attractions)
- Spiral chains folded upon themselves (tertiary)
- several proteins bonded together (quaternary)
Coagulation
-permanent change (from heat)
Protein Denaturation
- when hydrogen bonds holding it together are distributed
- reversible
Minerals
-group of inorganic substances that originate in water and soil
vitamins
-group of organic substances that we need hence we eat food.
Nucleic Acids
- found in hereditary materials of a cell
- DNA and RNA
RNA
- single-stranded
- carries messages from the nucleus to the ribosome
- where ribose is found
DNA
- double-stranded
- the control center of the cell
- inherited instructions
- makes RNA
