Biochemistry part 2

Question 1

Lipids (fats/oils)

Answer 1

-long term energy storage

Question 2

Triglycerides

Answer 2

• fat found in your blood.

- composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 3

Animal triglycerides

Answer 3

• saturated fats

- hard to break down

Question 4

Plant triglycerides

Answer 4

• polyunsaturated fats

- easier to break down

Question 5

Waxes

Answer 5

-composed of many fatty acids attached to alcohols and carbon rings

Question 6

Fats

Answer 6

-contain twice as much energy as carbohydrates

Question 7

Atherosclerosis

Answer 7

a disease in the blood vessels that’s caused by the build-up of cholesterol and fats

Question 8

Cholesterol

Answer 8

• type of fat found in the cell membrane and is used to manufacture hormones
• LDL is bad cholesterol
• HDL is good cholesterol

Question 9

Anabolic Steroids

Answer 9

-altered lipids thats produced by certain cells and acts as chemical messengers known as hormones

Question 10

Phospholipids

Answer 10

lipids composed of a phosphate molecule attached to a glycerol backbone (phosphate/lipid)

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

-structural components of a cell and repairs cell structures
-made up of amino acids
-

Question 12

amino acids

Answer 12

make up proteins (chains of amino acids)

-produced by the ribosome

Question 13

levels of protein

Answer 13

1. single chain of amino acids (primary)
2. spiral chain of amino acids (secondary) (spirals bc of attractions)
3. Spiral chains folded upon themselves (tertiary)
4. several proteins bonded together (quaternary)

Question 14

Coagulation

Answer 14

-permanent change (from heat)

Question 15

Protein Denaturation

Answer 15

• when hydrogen bonds holding it together are distributed

- reversible

Question 16

Minerals

Answer 16

-group of inorganic substances that originate in water and soil

Question 17

vitamins

Answer 17

-group of organic substances that we need hence we eat food.

Question 18

Nucleic Acids

Answer 18

• found in hereditary materials of a cell

- DNA and RNA

Question 19

RNA

Answer 19

• single-stranded
• carries messages from the nucleus to the ribosome
• where ribose is found

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

• double-stranded
• the control center of the cell
• inherited instructions
• makes RNA