Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 2 > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

salivary enzymes?

A

-Amylase = breaks down carbohydrate
-Lingual lipase = breaks down fats
-Lysozyme = disintegrates many bacteria and prevents
the overgrowth of oral microbial populations in the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 types of salivary glands?

A

-Parotid
-sublingual
-Submandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

liver

A

-regulation of nutrients in the blood
-blood glucose level
-blood lipid level:relase of lipid reserve
-blood protein level:convert amino acids into proteins
-blood fat soluble vitamins
-deactivates, stores, converts toxins for excretion
-synthesis&secretion of lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

large intestine

A

-chyme from small intestine –> large at the cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gallbladder

A

-bile synthesized in the liver is stored here
-released via bile duct
-emulsifies fat molecules into smaller droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

colon

A

1)ascending colon
2)transverse colon
3)descending colon
4)sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

various peritoneums in the abdominal cavity

A

-Parietal layer: The outer layer that lines the abdominal and pelvic walls
-Visceral layer: The inner layer that covers many of the abdominal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of the mesenteries

A

attaches the digestive organs in the abdomen to the abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

organs the major mesenteries are connected

A

-small and large intestines
-spleen
-liver
-pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

layers in the intestinal tract

A

-Mucosa.
-Submucosa.
-Muscular layer.
-Serous layer or serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

proper function of the intestinal tract

A

-absorb water via osmosis
-absorb electrolytes(active transport)
-absorb digestive enzyme
-produce&absorb vitamins
-form feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

organization of a tooth

A

-crown=emergent part, enamel outer layer
-neck
-root=embedded in socket, has dentin:mineralized matrix similar to bone, pulp cavity: neurovascular core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

roles of the four tooth types

A

1)Incisors=cutting&nipping
2)Cuspids=tearing&piercing
3)Bicuspids=grinding&crushing
4)molars=grinding&crushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

deciduous teeth(primary)

A

-baby teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

babys have how many teeth

A

20 teeth
-2 incisors
-1 canine
-2 molar
(per side per jaw)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adults have how many teeth?

A

32 teeth
-2 incisors
-1 canine
-2 premolar
-3 molar
per side per jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

organization of a gastric pit?

A

indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the tubular shaped gastric glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the roles of mucous epithelium

A

-Lubrication
-protection
-digestion and absorption of food nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the roles of parietal cell

A

-type of gastric gland
-produce HCl
-keeps stomach ph acid to kill microorganisms, denatures proteins in food, breaks down cell walls&connective tissue
-activates pepsin

20
Q

What are the roles of chief cells

A

-type of gastric gland
-secretes pepsinogen
-acid(HCl) concerts pepsinogen to pepsin(a protease)
-produce rennin and gastric lipase

21
Q

What are the roles of G cells?

A

-type of gastric gland
-secretes gastrin hormone:increases the activity of parietal&chief cells& gastric mixing

22
Q

What does the pancreas contribute to digestion?

A

-exocrine acinar cells secretes pancreatic juice

23
Q

hepatic portal system

A

-receives oxygenated blood via hepatic artery and deoxygenated blood goes back to the heart via the hepatic vein
-blood from digestive tract goes to the liver via hepatic portal vein
-then drain into hepatic vein

24
Q

liver in the overall circulation of blood

A

-receives a dual blood supply from the hepatic artery and portal vein

25
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

liver

26
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

gallbladder

27
Q

presence of bacteria in the large intestine a good thing?

A

supplying essential nutrients, synthesizing vitamin K, aiding in the digestion of cellulose, and promoting angiogenesis and enteric nerve function

28
Q

carbohydrates and role with digestive process?

A

-amylase digests carbs
-microvillibrush border hydrolyze
-lactase decline during adolescence=lactose intolerance
-contransport w/Na+ actively pumped into lumen to build concentration gradient

29
Q

lipids and role with digestive process?

A

lipase digest lipid to fatty acids&monoglycerides
-bile salts assist via emulsification
-chylomicrons enter the lacteal via exocytosis form the intestinal cells

30
Q

proteins and role with digestive process?

A

-pepsin in stomach digests protein into polypeptides
-pancreatic enzymes break down polypeptides to pepties&amino acids
-amino acids transported via facilitated diffusion

31
Q

nucleic acids and role with digestive process?

A

-pancreatic nucleases hydrolyze polynucleotides to monomers
-brush border enzymes hydrolyze monomers to free nitrogen bases
-absorbed by active transport

32
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physical breaking of food

33
Q

propulsion

A

movement of food along the digestive tract via swallowing & peristalsis

34
Q

chemical digestion

A

catabolic breakdown of food via enzymes

35
Q

absorption

A

transport of nutrients from digestive tract into the blood

36
Q

defecation

A

elimination of indigestible materials as feces

37
Q

Buffers

A

-elevates pH of chyme to basic
-in pancreatic juice

38
Q

Protease

A

-breaks down protein to plypeptides or amino acids
-in pancreatic juice

39
Q

pancreatic amylase

A

-breaks down carbohydrates to disaccharides
-in pancreatic juice

40
Q

nuclease

A

-digets DNA&RNA to nucleic acids
-in pancreatic juice

41
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

-breaks down lipid to fatty acids&glycerol
-in pancreatic juice

42
Q

in rectum

A

-internal anal sphincter:maintains resting anal pressure, involuntary control
-external anal sphincter: formed by skeletal muscle, voluntary control

43
Q

1)cephalic phase

A

-regulation: stomach
-stomach prepares for food

44
Q

2)Gastric phase

A

-regulation:stomach
-swallowed food activates gastric activity

45
Q

3)Intestinal phase

A

-regulation:stomach
-food enter the upper portions of the small intestine

A&P 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions